论文标题
太阳风中的电子驱动不稳定性
Electron-driven instabilities in the solar wind
论文作者
论文摘要
电子是太阳风中必不可少的粒子物种。它们经常在其速度分布函数中表现出非平衡特征。这些包括温度各向异性，尾巴（峰度）和反射不对称（偏度），这对太阳风有了显着的热量。如果这些非平衡功能足够强大，它们会驱动动力学微观构成。我们基于准线性理论的方程来开发一个半晶框架，以描述太阳风中电子驱动的不稳定性。我们将框架应用于由温度各向异性驱动的共振不稳定性。这些包括电子惠斯特勒各向异性不稳定和传播电子消防不稳定性。然后，我们描述由电子分布函数反射不对称驱动的谐振不稳定性。其中包括电子/离子声音，动力学alfvén热量，Langmuir，Electron Beam，Electron/Ion-Cyclotron，Electron/Electron-soustic，Whistler Heat-Flux，Oblique fast-Magnetosonic/Whistler/Whistler，较低Hybrid Fans和Electron-Declifter Insterability。我们简要评论由电子温度各向异性驱动的非共鸣不稳定性，例如镜像模式和非传播的消防不稳定性。我们在太阳风中电子驱动的不稳定性领域的开放研究主题列表中结束了审查。
The electrons are an essential particle species in the solar wind. They often exhibit non-equilibrium features in their velocity distribution function. These include temperature anisotropies, tails (kurtosis), and reflectional asymmetries (skewness), which contribute a significant heat flux to the solar wind. If these non-equilibrium features are sufficiently strong, they drive kinetic micro-instabilities. We develop a semi-graphical framework based on the equations of quasi-linear theory to describe electron-driven instabilities in the solar wind. We apply our framework to resonant instabilities driven by temperature anisotropies. These include the electron whistler anisotropy instability and the propagating electron firehose instability. We then describe resonant instabilities driven by reflectional asymmetries in the electron distribution function. These include the electron/ion-acoustic, kinetic Alfvén heat-flux, Langmuir, electron-beam, electron/ion-cyclotron, electron/electron-acoustic, whistler heat-flux, oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler, lower-hybrid fan, and electron-deficit whistler instability. We briefly comment on non-resonant instabilities driven by electron temperature anisotropies such as the mirror-mode and the non-propagating firehose instability. We conclude our review with a list of open research topics in the field of electron-driven instabilities in the solar wind.
