论文标题
以10 gs/s的数字化处理器与数字化器匹配的实时波形匹配
Real-Time Waveform Matching with a Digitizer at 10 GS/s
论文作者
论文摘要
侧通道分析(SCA)需要在侧通道信号中检测特定的时间框架加密操作(COS)。在对正在测试的设备(DUT)完全控制的实验室条件下,可以实现专用的触发信号以指示COS的开始和结束。对于实际情况,已经建立了波形匹配技术,该技术将侧通道信号与CO的模板实时比较,以实时检测侧通道中的CO。最先进的方法是在现场可编程的门阵列(FPGA)上实现的。但是,当前的波形匹配设计正在顺序从类似物到数字转换器(ADC)处理样品,并且由于FPGA的时钟速度有限,因此只能以较低的采样率工作。这使得将现有技术应用于以GHz范围内的时钟速度运行的现代DUTS上的现有技术变得越来越困难。在本文中,我们提出了一个平行的波形匹配体系结构,该体系结构能够以快速ADC的速度执行波形匹配。我们在基于高端FPGA的数字化器中实现了拟议的体系结构,并将其应用于从1 GHz的单板计算机的侧通道中检测AES COS。我们的实现使波形匹配以10 GS/s的速度具有很高的精度,因此与我们已知的最快的最新实现相比,加速度为50倍。
Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) requires the detection of the specific time frame Cryptographic Operations (COs) takeplace in the side-channel signal. In laboratory conditions with full control over the Device under Test (DuT), dedicated trigger signals can be implemented to indicate the start and end of COs. For real-world scenarios, waveform-matching techniques have been established which compare the side-channel signal with a template of the CO's pattern in real time to detect the CO in the side channel. State-of-the-art approaches are implemented on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). However, current waveform-matching designs are processing the samples from Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) sequentially and can only work with low sampling rates due to the limited clock speed of FPGAs. This makes it increasingly difficult to apply existing techniques on modern DuTs that are operating with clock speeds in the GHz range. In this paper, we present a parallel waveform-matching architecture that is capable of performing waveform matching at the speed of fast ADCs. We implement the proposed architecture in a high-end FPGA-based digitizer and apply it to detect AES COs from the side channel of a single-board computer operating at 1 GHz. Our implementation allows for waveform matching at 10 GS/s with high accuracy, thus offering a speedup of 50x compared to the fastest state-of-the-art implementation known to us.