论文标题
Lordnet:一个有效的神经网络,用于求解参数偏微分方程而没有模拟数据
LordNet: An Efficient Neural Network for Learning to Solve Parametric Partial Differential Equations without Simulated Data
论文作者
论文摘要
事实证明,神经运算符是无限维函数空间之间非线性算子的强大近似值,在加速偏微分方程(PDE)的溶液方面是有希望的。但是,它需要大量的模拟数据,这可能是昂贵的。可以通过从物理受约束的损失中学习物理学来避免这种情况,我们将其称为由离散的PDE构成的平均平方残留(MSR)损失。我们研究了MSR损失中的物理信息,我们称之为远程纠缠,并确定神经网络需要对PDE空间域中的远程纠缠进行建模的挑战,PDE的空间域中的模式在不同的PDE中变化。为了应对挑战,我们提出了Lordnet,这是一种可调,有效的神经网络,用于建模各种纠缠。受传统求解器的启发,Lordnet用一系列矩阵乘法建模了远程纠缠,可以将其视为对一般完全连接的层的低级别近似值,并以降低的计算成本提取了主要模式。关于求解泊松方程以及(2D和3D)Navier-Stokes方程的实验表明,与其他神经网络相比,Lordnet可以很好地模拟MSR损失的远程纠缠,从而产生更好的准确性和概括能力。结果表明,Lordnet可以比传统PDE求解器快$ 40 \ times $。此外,Lordnet的准确性和效率最小的参数大小优于其他现代神经网络架构。
Neural operators, as a powerful approximation to the non-linear operators between infinite-dimensional function spaces, have proved to be promising in accelerating the solution of partial differential equations (PDE). However, it requires a large amount of simulated data, which can be costly to collect. This can be avoided by learning physics from the physics-constrained loss, which we refer to it as mean squared residual (MSR) loss constructed by the discretized PDE. We investigate the physical information in the MSR loss, which we called long-range entanglements, and identify the challenge that the neural network requires the capacity to model the long-range entanglements in the spatial domain of the PDE, whose patterns vary in different PDEs. To tackle the challenge, we propose LordNet, a tunable and efficient neural network for modeling various entanglements. Inspired by the traditional solvers, LordNet models the long-range entanglements with a series of matrix multiplications, which can be seen as the low-rank approximation to the general fully-connected layers and extracts the dominant pattern with reduced computational cost. The experiments on solving Poisson's equation and (2D and 3D) Navier-Stokes equation demonstrate that the long-range entanglements from the MSR loss can be well modeled by the LordNet, yielding better accuracy and generalization ability than other neural networks. The results show that the Lordnet can be $40\times$ faster than traditional PDE solvers. In addition, LordNet outperforms other modern neural network architectures in accuracy and efficiency with the smallest parameter size.