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Scene-understanding is an important topic in the area of Computer Vision, and illustrates computational challenges with applications to a wide range of domains including remote sensing, surveillance, smart agriculture, robotics, autonomous driving, and smart cities. We consider the active explanation-driven understanding and classification of scenes. Suppose that an agent utilizing one or more sensors is placed in an unknown environment, and based on its sensory input, the agent needs to assign some label to the perceived scene. The agent can adjust its sensor(s) to capture additional details about the scene, but there is a cost associated with sensor manipulation, and as such, it is important for the agent to understand the scene in a fast and efficient manner. It is also important that the agent understand not only the global state of a scene (e.g., the category of the scene or the major events taking place in the scene) but also the characteristics/properties of the scene that support decisions and predictions made about the global state of the scene. Finally, when the agent encounters an unknown scene category, it must be capable of refusing to assign a label to the scene, requesting aid from a human, and updating its underlying knowledge base and machine learning models based on feedback provided by the human. We introduce a dynamic data driven framework for the active explanation-driven classification of scenes. Our framework is entitled ACUMEN: Active Classification and Understanding Method by Explanation-driven Networks. To demonstrate the utility of the proposed ACUMEN approach and show how it can be adapted to a domain-specific application, we focus on an example case study involving the classification of indoor scenes using an active robotic agent with vision-based sensors, i.e., an electro-optical camera.