论文标题

大型星星II中的常见信封II:氢和氦重组的不同作用

Common envelopes in massive stars II: The distinct roles of hydrogen and helium recombination

论文作者

Lau, Mike Y. M., Hirai, Ryosuke, Price, Daniel J., Mandel, Ilya

论文摘要

长期以来一直在争论重组在公共eNVELOPE事件中的作用。许多研究表明,在相对凉爽且光学上薄的层中辐射的氢重组能可能不会在包膜中进行热度。另一方面,氦重组含有总重组能量的30%,并且在恒星包膜中更深。我们研究了12个太阳质量红色超级巨头供体经历的公共式相互作用中氢和氦重组起着的独特作用。我们执行绝热的3D流体动力学模拟,(i)包括氢,氦气和分子氢重组,(ii)包括氢和氦重组,(iii)仅包括氦重组,并且(iv)不包括重组能。通过比较这些模拟,我们发现单独添加氦重组能射出30%的包络质量,并导致平移后分离较大16%。在绝热的假设下,添加氢重组能将排出质量的质量增加40%,可能会解脱整个包膜,但不会影响静止后的分离。大多数射精的氢离子化度相对较高(> 70%),其中氢重组能很可能会扩展信封,而不是被辐射消失。

The role of recombination during a common-envelope event has been long debated. Many studies have argued that much of hydrogen recombination energy, which is radiated in relatively cool and optically-thin layers, might not thermalise in the envelope. On the other hand, helium recombination contains 30% of the total recombination energy, and occurs much deeper in the stellar envelope. We investigate the distinct roles played by hydrogen and helium recombination in a common-envelope interaction experienced by a 12 solar mass red supergiant donor. We perform adiabatic, 3D hydrodynamical simulations that (i) include hydrogen, helium, and molecular hydrogen recombination, (ii) include hydrogen and helium recombination, (iii) include only helium recombination, and (iv) do not include recombination energy. By comparing these simulations, we find that the addition of helium recombination energy alone ejects 30% more envelope mass, and leads to a 16% larger post-plunge-in separation. Under the adiabatic assumption, adding hydrogen recombination energy increases the amount of ejected mass by a further 40%, possibly unbinding the entire envelope, but does not affect the post-plunge separation. Most of the ejecta becomes unbound at relatively high (>70%) degrees of hydrogen ionisation, where the hydrogen recombination energy is likely to expand the envelope instead of being radiated away.

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