论文标题
开放式冲击管中不同驾驶员气体产生的爆炸波形的表征
Characterization of Blast Waveforms Produced by Different Driver Gasses in an Open-Ended Shock Tube Model
论文作者
论文摘要
随着现代战争的演变以及简易爆炸装置(IED)的日益使用,军事人员和平民在爆炸引起的脑部受伤(BTBI)的增加。 BTBI的患病率提高需要BTBI模型,这会导致使用的模型生物造成适当的损伤。 BTBI的主要实验室模型是冲击管,其中压缩气体破裂薄膜,产生冲击波。要产生从人类到啮齿动物受试者适当缩放的冲击波,冲击波必须具有短持续时间和高峰过压,同时安装了弗里德兰德波形,这是爆炸波的理想表示。在尝试创建理想波形的尝试中,已经在实验上表征了各种各样的因素,但是我们发现目前关于用于驱动冲击波形成的气体组成的研究。为了更好地了解驾驶员气体对产生波形的影响,我们使用了先前建立的鼠冲击管BTBI模型以及几种不同的驱动气体。与以前的发现一致,与其他某些气体产生的高原样波形相比,氦气产生的冲击波最紧密地拟合了弗里德兰德波形。冲击管出口处的峰值压力与出口5 cm的峰值压力与所使用的气体密度有很强的负相关性:氦气所用最小的气体所使用的最高峰值产生的最高峰值过压。驾驶员气体的密度也对冲击波的持续时间产生了强大的积极作用,氦气产生了最短的持续时间。由于其能够产生弗里德兰德波形并遵循适当的伤害缩放指南产生波形,因此氦是用于BTBI的冲击管模型中的理想气体。
With the evolution of modern warfare and the increased use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), there has been an increase in blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI) among military personnel and civilians. The increased prevalence of bTBI necessitates bTBI models that result in a properly scaled injury for the model organism being used. The primary laboratory model for bTBI is the shock tube, wherein a compressed gas ruptures a thin membrane, generating a shockwave. To generate a shock wave that is properly scaled from human to rodent subjects the shock wave must have a short duration and high peak overpressure while fitting a Friedlander waveform, the ideal representation of a blast wave. A large variety of factors have been experimentally characterized in attempts to create an ideal waveform, however we found current research on the gas composition being used to drive shock wave formation to be lacking. To better understand the effect the driver gas has on the waveform being produced, we utilized a previously established murine shock tube bTBI model in conjunction with several distinct driver gasses. In agreement with previous findings, helium produced a shock wave most closely fitting the Friedlander waveform in contrast to the plateau-like waveforms produced by some other gases. The peak pressure at the exit of the shock tube and 5 cm from the exit have a strong negative correlation with the density of the gas being used: helium the least dense gas used produces the highest peak overpressure. Density of the driver gas also exerts a strong positive effect on the duration of the shock wave, with helium producing the shortest duration wave. Due to its ability to produce a Friedlander waveform and produce a waveform following proper injury scaling guidelines, helium is an ideal gas for use in shock tube models for bTBI.