论文标题

超越费米的黄金法则:由于带限制的量子噪声引起的量子介质设备的离散时间破坏

Beyond The Fermi's Golden Rule: Discrete-Time Decoherence Of Quantum Mesoscopic Devices Due To Bandlimited Quantum Noise

论文作者

Polyakov, Evgeny A.

论文摘要

我们正处于第二量子革命的中间,在该量子革命中,介观量子转向被积极用于技术目的。尽管这一事实,但对他们的实时动态的描述超出了费米的黄金法则,仍然是一个可实现的理论问题。这是由于纠缠在周围环境的自由度内的迅速传播。这伴随着作用在介观设备上的量子噪声(QN)。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种可能的出路:利用通常会限制此QN的事实。这是因为其光谱密度通常包含在局部模式和共振的峰中,并且可能受带盖的约束。受到古典带有信号理论的Kotelnikov对定理的启发,我们提出并探索了这样的想法,即当QN频谱密度具有有效的带宽$ b $时,量子噪声将成为一个离散的时间,具有基本的时间步长$τ\ propto b^{ - 1} $。每次步骤$τ$之后,首次将一个新的QN自由度(DOF)耦合到设备,而一个新的QN DOF不可逆转地脱钩。在任何时候,只有有界数的QN DOF被显着耦合。我们将这些DOF称为\ textit {Kotelnikov模式}。结果,实时耗散量子运动具有离散时间矩阵乘积状态的自然结构,具有有界的键尺寸。这产生了微观派生的碰撞模型。时间纠缠熵似乎是在Kotelnikov模式框架中的(区域法缩放)。在实时演变中发生时,不可逆转的脱钩模式就可以立即追踪。这导致了一种新颖的\ textit {bandlimited}输入输出形式主义和量子跳跃蒙特卡洛模拟技术,用于开放量子系统的实时运动。我们在自旋玻色子模型上说明了这个想法。

We are at the midst of second quantum revolution where the mesoscopic quantum devies are actively employed for technological purposes. Despite this fact, the description of their real-time dynamics beyond the Fermi's golden rule remains a formiddable theoretical problem. This is due to the rapid spread of entanglement within the degrees of freedom of the surrounding environment. This is accompanied with a quantum noise (QN) acting on the mesoscopic device. In this work we propose a possible way out: to exploit the fact that this QN is usually bandlimited. This is because its spectral density is often contained in peaks of localized modes and resonances, and may be constrained by bandgaps. Inspired by the Kotelnikov sampling theorem from the theory of classical bandlimited signals, we put forward and explore the idea that when the QN spectral density has effective bandwidth $B$, the quantum noise becomes a discrete-time process, with an elementary time step $τ\propto B^{-1}$. After each time step $τ$, one new QN degree of freedom (DoF) gets coupled to the device for the first time, and one new QN DoF get irreversibly decoupled. Only a bounded number of QN DoFs are significantly coupled at any time moment. We call these DoFs the \textit{Kotelnikov modes}. As a result, the real-time dissipative quantum motion has a natural structure of a discrete-time matrix product state, with a bounded bond dimension. This yields a microscopically derived collision model. The temporal entanglement entropy appears to be bounded (area-law scaling) in the frame of Kotelnikov modes. The irreversibly decoupled modes can be traced out as soon as they occur during the real-time evolution. This leads to a novel\textit{bandlimited} input-output formalism and to quantum jump Monte Carlo simulation techniques for real-time motion of open quantum systems. We illustrate this idea on a spin-boson model.

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