论文标题
宇宙学一阶相变的能源预算超出了国家袋方程
The energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions beyond the bag equation of state
论文作者
论文摘要
来自宇宙一阶相变（FOPT）的随机重力波背景（SGWB）是对粒子物理学标准模型以外的新物理学的有前途的探针。当大多数气泡壁达到末端壁速度后很长时间相互碰撞时，对SGWBS的主导贡献来自以将释放的真空能量插入散装流体运动的效率因子为特征的声波。但是，以前估计此效率因子的工作仅考虑了对称相和破碎相中恒定声速的简化情况，即具有相等声音速度的袋模型或$ν$ - 模型，在对称和破碎相中具有不同的声速，这是从粒子物理学的角度看不见的。在本文中，我们建议使用迭代方法解决流体EOM，以考虑到气泡壁上的声速变化，以使一般和逼真的状态方程（EOS）超出简单袋模型和$ν$ -MODEL。我们发现了块状流体运动效率的抑制作用，尽管对于强FOPT而言，这种抑制作用可能可以忽略不计，在这种情况下，先前的袋中估计对批量流体运动效率的估计仍然是一个很好的近似值。
The stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) from the cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) serve as a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. When most of the bubble walls collide with each other long after they had reached the terminal wall velocity, the dominated contribution to the SGWBs comes from the sound waves characterized by the efficiency factor of inserting the released vacuum energy into the bulk fluid motions. However, the previous works of estimating this efficiency factor have only considered the simplified case of the constant sound velocities in both symmetric and broken phases, either for the bag model with equal sound velocities or $ν$-model with different sound velocities in the symmetric and broken phases, which is unrealistic from a viewpoint of particle physics. In this paper, we propose to solve the fluid EoM with an iteration method when taking into account the sound-velocity variation across the bubble wall for a general and realistic equation of state (EoS) beyond the simple bag model and $ν$-model. We have found a suppression effect for the efficiency factor of bulk fluid motions, though such a suppression effect could be negligible for the strong FOPT, in which case the previous estimation from a bag EoS on the efficiency factor of bulk fluid motions still works as a good approximation.
