论文标题
年轻太阳系模拟HD 95086的深入直接成像和光谱表征
In-depth direct imaging and spectroscopic characterization of the young Solar System analog HD 95086
论文作者
论文摘要
语境。 HD 95086是一个附近的太阳系模拟，在内部和外碎屑带之间的恒星57 au旋转着一个巨大的系外行星。已经提出了其他行星的存在为维持两条皮带之间广泛空腔的机制。 目标。我们提出了对HD 95086的专用监测，并使用VLT/Sphere仪器来完善HD 95086 B的轨道和大气特性，并在该系统中搜索其他行星。 方法。从2015年到2019年的十个时代超过10个时代，使用了五个新数据集。结合档案观测，来自VLT/NACO（2012-2013）和Gemini/GPI（2013-2016），扩展的星体测量值使我们能够完善HD 95086 b的轨道特性。我们还使用特殊拟合工具探索了几种大气模型的多样性，研究了HD 95086 B附近的光谱特性和围绕HD 95086 B周围的磁盘的存在。此外，我们提高了检测限，以通过K-stacker算法搜索推定的行星C。 结果。我们首次通过堆叠六个最佳时期来提取HD 95086 B的JH低分辨率光谱，并确认其非常红的光谱能量分布。 Combined with additional datasets from GPI and NaCo, our analysis indicates that this very red color can be explained by the presence of a circumplanetary disk around planet b, with a range of high-temperature solutions (1400-1600 K) and significant extinction (Av > 10 mag), or by a super-solar metallicity atmosphere with lower temperatures (800-1300 K), and small to medium amount of extinction (Av < 10杂志）。我们找不到任何适合行星C的候选人，而是对其潜在质量和位置的最新限制。
Context. HD 95086 is a young nearby Solar System analog hosting a giant exoplanet orbiting at 57 au from the star between an inner and outer debris belt. The existence of additional planets has been suggested as the mechanism that maintains the broad cavity between the two belts. Aims. We present a dedicated monitoring of HD 95086 with the VLT/SPHERE instrument to refine the orbital and atmospheric properties of HD 95086 b, and to search for additional planets in this system. Methods. SPHERE observations, spread over ten epochs from 2015 to 2019 and including five new datasets, were used. Combined with archival observations, from VLT/NaCo (2012-2013) and Gemini/GPI (2013-2016), the extended set of astrometric measurements allowed us to refine the orbital properties of HD 95086 b. We also investigated the spectral properties and the presence of a circumplanetary disk around HD 95086 b by using the special fitting tool exploring the diversity of several atmospheric models. In addition, we improved our detection limits in order to search for a putative planet c via the K-Stacker algorithm. Results. We extracted for the first time the JH low-resolution spectrum of HD 95086 b by stacking the six best epochs, and confirm its very red spectral energy distribution. Combined with additional datasets from GPI and NaCo, our analysis indicates that this very red color can be explained by the presence of a circumplanetary disk around planet b, with a range of high-temperature solutions (1400-1600 K) and significant extinction (Av > 10 mag), or by a super-solar metallicity atmosphere with lower temperatures (800-1300 K), and small to medium amount of extinction (Av < 10 mag). We do not find any robust candidates for planet c, but give updated constraints on its potential mass and location.
