论文标题
将数字退火器与经典进化算法进行比较
Comparing the Digital Annealer with Classical Evolutionary Algorithm
论文作者
论文摘要
近年来,在利用特定应用硬件来解决优化问题方面的研究兴趣越来越大。使用专业硬件的求解器的示例是IBM的Quantum System One和D-Wave的Quantum Nealealer(QA)和Fujitsu的数字发火器(DA)。这些求解器的开发是为了比通用机器实施的传统元映射学更快地优化问题。先前的研究表明,这些求解器(可以比Gurobi和cplex等确切的求解器更快地优化许多问题。当将硬件求解器与经典进化算法进行比较时,尚未得出这些结论。 在传统的进化算法(例如遗传算法(GA)和DA(或其他类似的求解器))之间进行了公正的比较,因为在通用机器上通常实现了使用特定的硬件,而进化算法通常会受益于应用特定的硬件。此外,量子或量子启发的求解器仅限于以特定格式解决问题。使用的常见公式是二次不受约束的二进制优化(QUBO)。但是,许多优化问题受到限制,并且具有非二元的自然表示。将此类问题转换为QUBO可能会导致更多的问题难度和/或更大的搜索空间。 本文解决的问题是,量子或量子启发的求解器是否可以比在自然表示中应用于相同问题的经典进化算法更快地优化组合优化问题的QUBO转换。我们表明,在旅行推销员,二次分配和多维背包问题实例上,DA通常比GA具有更好的平均目标功能值。
In more recent years, there has been increasing research interest in exploiting the use of application specific hardware for solving optimisation problems. Examples of solvers that use specialised hardware are IBM's Quantum System One and D-wave's Quantum Annealer (QA) and Fujitsu's Digital Annealer (DA). These solvers have been developed to optimise problems faster than traditional meta-heuristics implemented on general purpose machines. Previous research has shown that these solvers (can optimise many problems much quicker than exact solvers such as GUROBI and CPLEX. Such conclusions have not been made when comparing hardware solvers with classical evolutionary algorithms. Making a fair comparison between traditional evolutionary algorithms, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the DA (or other similar solvers) is challenging because the later benefits from the use of application specific hardware while evolutionary algorithms are often implemented on general-purpose machines. Moreover, quantum or quantum-inspired solvers are limited to solving problems in a specific format. A common formulation used is Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO). Many optimisation problems are however constrained and have natural representations that are non-binary. Converting such problems to QUBO can lead to more problem difficulty and/or larger search space. The question addressed in this paper is whether quantum or quantum-inspired solvers can optimise QUBO transformations of combinatorial optimisation problems faster than classical evolutionary algorithms applied to the same problems in their natural representations. We show that the DA often present better average objective function values than GA on Travelling Salesman, Quadratic Assignment and Multi-dimensional Knapsack Problem instances.