论文标题
热力学自由量子测量
Thermodynamically free quantum measurements
论文作者
论文摘要
热通道 - 量子热力学资源理论中允许的自由过程 - 已推广到热仪器，我们将其解释为实施热力学上的无动力学量子测量；使用此类测量值的麦克斯韦恶魔绝不会违反热力学的第二定律。研究了热仪器的进一步性能，尤其是表明它们仅测量可观察到与哈密顿量的通勤，并且在执行完整的测量时，它们会在测量系统中对测量系统进行热度，后者表明热力学诱导的信息触及扰动式折算。不是热力学上无自然的测量值的划分为其热力学成本的资源理论定量铺平了道路。
Thermal channels -- the free processes allowed in the resource theory of quantum thermodynamics -- are generalised to thermal instruments, which we interpret as implementing thermodynamically free quantum measurements; a Maxwellian demon using such measurements never violates the second law of thermodynamics. Further properties of thermal instruments are investigated and, in particular, it is shown that they only measure observables commuting with the Hamiltonian, and they thermalise the measured system when performing a complete measurement, the latter of which indicates a thermodynamically induced information-disturbance trade-off. The demarcation of measurements that are not thermodynamically free paves the way for a resource-theoretic quantification of their thermodynamic cost.
