论文标题

务实的QFT测量问题和对QFT中的Heisenberg式切割的需求

The Pragmatic QFT Measurement Problem and the need for a Heisenberg-like Cut in QFT

论文作者

Grimmer, Daniel

论文摘要

尽管量子理论取得了巨大的成功,但许多哲学家担心它仍然缺乏理论与实验之间的重要联系。量子测量问题的一个不及讨论的方面是,有时不清楚如何对我们的测量过程进行建模以提取实验预测。如果没有解决这些务实的烦恼,量子理论将有失去其证据支持和身体显着性的风险。避免这些风险需要解决务实的测量问题。对于非相关量子理论,该问题已解决如下:可以在测量链和海森堡切割方面对量子理论在逐案案例上的关键实验成功进行建模。然后,从这里开始,可以努力建立能够对所有(或几乎所有)可能的测量过程进行建模的广泛测量理论。确实,对于非权益主义量子理论,这使我们提出了通常的投射测量理论。 但是,当我们进入量子场理论(QFT)的背景时,这个故事必须如何改变?众所周知,在QFT中,几乎所有局部投影测量结果都违反了因果关系,从而可以更快地信号传导。尽管如此,我将认为我们可以像在非宗教案例中一样在很大程度上进行。我们首先应该通过使用测量链和Heisdenberg样切割来建立QFT的逐案测量框架(在其中我们从QFT模型切换到非QFT模型)。然后,我们可以为QFT的新测量理论和对其可观察物的经验有意义的表征而努力。在这一点上,需要更多的理论工作。本文以有关涉及量子场的测量过程进行建模的物理文献中的最新技术结束。

Despite quantum theory's remarkable success, many philosophers worry that it nonetheless lacks some crucial connection between theory and experiment. One under-discussed aspect of the Quantum Measurement Problems is that it is sometimes unclear how to model our measurement processes in order to extract experimental predictions. Without a solution to these pragmatic worries, quantum theory would be at risk of losing both its evidential support and its physical salience. Avoiding these risks requires solving the Pragmatic Measurement Problem. For non-relativistic quantum theory, this problem has been solved as follows: One can model each of quantum theory's key experimental successes on a case-by-case in terms of measurement chains and Heisenberg cuts. From here, one can then strive for a wide-scoping measurement theory capable of modeling all (or nearly all) possible measurement processes. Indeed, for non-relativistic quantum theory this leads us to our usual projective measurement theory. But how does this story have to change when we move into the context of quantum field theory (QFT)? It is well known that in QFT almost all localized projective measurements violate causality, allowing for faster-than-light signaling. Despite this, I will argue that we can proceed largely as we did in the non-relativistic case. We first ought to build up a case-by-case measurement framework for QFT by using measurement chains and Heisdenberg-like cuts (where we switch from a QFT model to a non-QFT model). We can then strive for both a new measurement theory for QFT and an empirically meaningful characterization of its observables. It is at this point that significantly more theoretical work is needed. This paper ends by briefly reviewing the state of the art in the physics literature regarding the modeling of measurement processes involving quantum fields.

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