论文标题
观察热电压噪声的设置以及绝对温度和玻尔兹曼常数的确定
Set-up for observation thermal voltage noise and determination of absolute temperature and Boltzmann constant
论文作者
论文摘要
我们描述了Johnson-Nyquist热噪声测量绝对零的设置，该设置可以在一周内在每所高中或大学中进行。给出了用于构建此噪声温度计的必要电子组件和技术指南。所使用的工作温度在茶杯中从冰到沸水范围内，从这个意义上讲，可以在每个高中和大学物理专业的学生手中进行设置。该测量需要具有热电偶和电压探针的标准多米，并为教育目的提供了极好的精度。解释是针对大学级别的，但是由于解释的简单性，促使高中生的解释可以遵循使用公式的解释推导，以确定绝对零和玻尔兹曼常数。作为副产品，我们的设置为确定电压$ e_ \ mathrm {n} $的光谱密度和当前噪声$ i_ \ mathrm {n} $的频谱密度提供了新的方法。
We describe a set-up for measurement of the absolute zero by Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise which can be performed within a week in every high-school or university. Necessary electronic components and technical guidelines for the construction of this noise thermometer are given. The operating temperature used is in the tea cup range from ice to boiling water and in this sense the set-up can be given in the hands of every high school and university physics student. The measurement requires a standard multi-meter with thermocouple and voltage probe and gives excellent for education purposes percent accuracy. The explanation is oriented to university level but due to the simplicity of the explanation motivated high-school students can follow the explanation derivation of the used formulas for determination of the absolute zero and the Boltzmann constant. As a by-product our set-up gives a new method for the determination of the spectral density of the voltage $e_\mathrm{N}$ and current noise $i_\mathrm{N}$ of operational amplifiers.
