论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
On the faintest solar coronal hard X-rays observed with FOXSI
论文作者
论文摘要
太阳能纳米光是小型喷发事件，可在安静的电晕中释放磁能。如果纳米弹体与大型物理相同的物理学，则应发出硬X射线（HXR），但强度相当微弱。纳米光的大量而连续的存在将为太阳能电晕提供大量能量，可能会考虑其高温。迄今为止，还没有直接观察到静止的太阳的这种持续和持续的HXR。但是，汉娜等人。在2010年，Rhessi使用了将近12天的静态太阳能点观测来限制安静的Sun HXR排放。这些观察值将上限设置为$ 3.4 \ times 10^{ - 2} $ photons $^{ - 1} $ s $ s $^{ - 1} $ cm $^{ - 2} $ kev $^{ - 1} $和$ 9.5 \ times 10^{ - 4} $^{ - 4} $ 1} 3-6 KeV和6-12 Kev Energy范围的Kev $^{ - 1} $。观察微弱的HXRS是具有挑战性的，因为它需要HXR中的高灵敏度和动态范围仪器。焦点光学X射线太阳能成像仪（FOXSI）发声火箭实验在这两个属性中表现出色。特别是，Foxsi于2018年9月7日完成了其第三次成功的飞行（FOXSI-3）。在Foxsi-3的飞行中，太阳表现出相当安静的配置，仅显示一个年迈的非寿命活跃地区。使用整个$ \ sim $ 6.5分钟的FOXSI-3数据，我们限制了HXR中安静的太阳排放。我们在$ \ sim 10^{ - 3} $ photons $^{ - 1} $ s $ s $^{ - 1} $ cm $^{ - 2} $ kev $^{ - 1} $的$ \ sim 10^{ - 3} $ photons $^{ - 1} $ sim 10^{ - 1} $ sim 10^{ - 1} $ 2。 FOXSI-3的上限与Hannah等人2010年的报道一致，但是Foxsi-3使用$ \ sim $ 1/2640的时间比Rhessi少了。使用Foxsi概念的未来航天器可能会给足够的观察时间，以进一步限制当前的HXR安静的限制，甚至直接检测。
Solar nanoflares are small eruptive events releasing magnetic energy in the quiet corona. If nanoflares follow the same physics as their larger counterparts, they should emit hard X-rays (HXRs) but with a rather faint intensity. A copious and continuous presence of nanoflares would deliver enormous amounts of energy into the solar corona, possibly accounting for its high temperatures. To date, there has not been any direct observation of such sustained and persistent HXRs from the quiescent Sun. However, Hannah et al. in 2010 constrained the quiet Sun HXR emission using almost 12 days of quiescent solar-off-pointing observations by RHESSI. These observations set upper limits at $3.4\times 10^{-2}$ photons$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ keV$^{-1}$ and $9.5\times 10^{-4}$ photons$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ keV$^{-1}$ for the 3-6 keV and 6-12 keV energy ranges, respectively. Observing feeble HXRs is challenging because it demands high sensitivity and dynamic range instruments in HXRs. The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI) sounding rocket experiment excels in these two attributes. Particularly, FOXSI completed its third successful flight (FOXSI-3) on September 7th, 2018. During FOXSI-3's flight, the Sun exhibited a fairly quiet configuration, displaying only one aged non-flaring active region. Using the entire $\sim$6.5 minutes of FOXSI-3 data, we constrained the quiet Sun emission in HXRs. We found $2σ$ upper limits in the order of $\sim 10^{-3}$ photons$^{-1}$ s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ keV$^{-1}$ for the 5-10 keV energy range. FOXSI-3's upper limit is consistent with what was reported by Hannah et al., 2010, but FOXSI-3 achieved this result using $\sim$1/2640 less time than RHESSI. A possible future spacecraft using FOXSI's concept would allow enough observation time to constrain the current HXR quiet Sun limits further or perhaps even make direct detections.
