论文标题
对双层和多模式变形的各向同性单物质系统的直接4D打印的编码
Encoding of direct 4D printing of isotropic single-material system for double-curvature and multimodal morphing
论文作者
论文摘要
将扁平板变成复杂3D形状的能力对于快速制造和节省材料非常有用，同时还可以有效地储存和装运以及功能用途。直接4D打印是一种引人入胜的方法，可将复合体3D形状从ASSPRENT 2D板上变形。但是，大多数直接的4D打印方法都需要涉及昂贵机器的多物质系统。此外，大多数作品都使用开放式设计来通过编码1D肋骨变形的集合来进行形状转换，而1D肋骨变形无法保持结构稳定。在这里，我们演示了各向同性单物质系统的直接4D打印，以将2D连续的双层板变成双弯曲和多模式3D复合形状，其几何形状也可以在部署后锁定。我们开发了一种反设计算法，该算法集成了基于挤出的单物质系统的3D打印，以将原始印刷纸直接转换为复杂的3D几何形状，例如带有形状锁定的双弯曲表面。此外，我们的反设计工具在此过程中编码局部形状 - 内存各向异性，为目标3D变形几何形状提供了处理条件。我们的方法可用于基于传统挤出的3D打印，用于各种应用程序，包括生物医学设备，可部署结构，智能纺织品和弹出式Kirigami结构。
The ability to morph flat sheets into complex 3D shapes is extremely useful for fast manufacturing and saving materials while also allowing volumetrically efficient storage and shipment and a functional use. Direct 4D printing is a compelling method to morph complex 3D shapes out of as-printed 2D plates. However, most direct 4D printing methods require multi-material systems involving costly machines. Moreover, most works have used an open-cell design for shape shifting by encoding a collection of 1D rib deformations, which cannot remain structurally stable. Here, we demonstrate the direct 4D printing of an isotropic single-material system to morph 2D continuous bilayer plates into doubly curved and multimodal 3D complex shapes whose geometry can also be locked after deployment. We develop an inverse-design algorithm that integrates extrusion-based 3D printing of a single-material system to directly morph a raw printed sheet into complex 3D geometries such as a doubly curved surface with shape locking. Furthermore, our inverse-design tool encodes the localized shape-memory anisotropy during the process, providing the processing conditions for a target 3D morphed geometry. Our approach could be used for conventional extrusion-based 3D printing for various applications including biomedical devices, deployable structures, smart textiles, and pop-up Kirigami structures.
