论文标题
人工智能和结构不公正：公平，价值观和责任的基础
Artificial Intelligence and Structural Injustice: Foundations for Equity, Values, and Responsibility
论文作者
论文摘要
本章主张对AI治理的结构性不公正方法。结构不公正具有分析性和评估成分。分析成分由社会科学中众所周知的结构解释组成。评估组成部分是正义理论。结构性不公正是一种强大的概念工具，可让研究人员和从业人员识别，表达甚至可以预期的AI偏见。本章以AI的种族偏见为例，其源于结构不公正。然后，本章提出了哲学家艾里斯·马里恩·杨（Iris Marion Young）所介绍的结构不公正概念。此外，本章认为，结构性不公正是一种AI治理的方法，并将这种方法与危害和利益分析或价值声明的分析开始的替代方法进行了比较。本章表明，结构不公正为多样性，公平和包容性的价值观和关注点提供了方法论和规范基础。本章以对结构和责任感的看法结束。结构的想法是正义的核心。一个开放的理论研究问题是AI本身在多大程度上是社会结构的一部分。最后，责任实践对于结构不公正至关重要。即使他们不能对结构不公正的存在负责，每个人和每个组织都有某种责任解决结构不公正。
This chapter argues for a structural injustice approach to the governance of AI. Structural injustice has an analytical and an evaluative component. The analytical component consists of structural explanations that are well-known in the social sciences. The evaluative component is a theory of justice. Structural injustice is a powerful conceptual tool that allows researchers and practitioners to identify, articulate, and perhaps even anticipate, AI biases. The chapter begins with an example of racial bias in AI that arises from structural injustice. The chapter then presents the concept of structural injustice as introduced by the philosopher Iris Marion Young. The chapter moreover argues that structural injustice is well suited as an approach to the governance of AI and compares this approach to alternative approaches that start from analyses of harms and benefits or from value statements. The chapter suggests that structural injustice provides methodological and normative foundations for the values and concerns of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. The chapter closes with an outlook onto the idea of structure and on responsibility. The idea of a structure is central to justice. An open theoretical research question is to what extent AI is itself part of the structure of society. Finally, the practice of responsibility is central to structural injustice. Even if they cannot be held responsible for the existence of structural injustice, every individual and every organization has some responsibility to address structural injustice going forward.
