论文标题

工程注释:交互式系统模型中粘合设计人工制品的通用框架

Engineering Annotations: A Generic Framework For Gluing Design Artefacts in Models of Interactive Systems

论文作者

Winckler, Marco, Palanque, Philippe, Hak, Jean-Luc, Barboni, Eric, Nicolas, Olivier, Goncalves, Laurent

论文摘要

在交互式系统的设计过程中,许多中间伪像(例如用户界面原型,描述用户工作和活动的任务模型,对话模型指定系统行为,描述用户交互的交互模型{\ ldots})才会创建,测试,修订和改进,直到开发团队生产出验证的完整版本的完整版本。实际上,要构建交互式系统,需要使用多个文物/模型(因为它们提供了互补的视图)。但是,描述设计解决方案和/或支持设计决策的相关信息(例如有关设计,决定,建议等的合理性)在模型/人工制品中无法明确捕获,因此需要注释。多艺术作品的方法通常认为只有一个人工制品中只有一个给定的信息,以避免重复和提高人工制品的可维护性。尽管如此,在一个人工制品上创建的注释通常与其他伪像/模型有关。因此,需要工具和技术来协调跨文物/模型的注释,这是当前工作的贡献。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于模型的方法,该方法被认为是在交互式系统的开发过程中以系统的方式处理注释。作为解决方案的一部分,我们提出了一个基于W3C Web注释数据模型的注释模型。该方法的可行性是通过具有插件的工具套件来证明的,该插件已在多艺术失败的情况下进行了部署和测试。关于互动式驾驶舱应用程序的设计进行了两次设计迭代的设计,说明了总体方法。该贡献给交互式系统工程带来了两个主要好处:i)它提出了一种通用模式,用于在交互式系统的整个设计过程中将信息集成到多个通常异质的人工制品中; ii)强调需要进行工具,以帮助合理化和记录交互式系统设计期间做出的各种人工制品和相关决策。 CCS概念$ \ bullet $以人为本的计算$ \ bullet $人类计算机互动(HCI)

Along the design process of interactive system many intermediate artefacts (such as user interface prototypes, task models describing user work and activities, dialog models specifying system behavior, interaction models describing user interactions {\ldots}) are created, tested, revised and improved until the development team produces a validated version of the full-fledged system. Indeed, to build interactive systems there is a need to use multiple artefacts/models (as they provide a complementary view). However, relevant information for describing the design solution and/or supporting design decisions (such as rational about the design, decisions made, recommendations, etc.) is not explicitly capturable in the models/artefacts, hence the need for annotations. Multi-artefacts approaches usually argue that a given information should only be present in one artefact to avoid duplication and increase maintainability of the artefacts. Nonetheless, annotations created on one artefact are usually relevant to other artefacts/models. So that, there is a need for tools and techniques to coordinate annotations across artefacts/models which is the contribution of the present work. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that was conceived to handle annotations in a systematic way along the development process of interactive systems. As part of the solution, we propose an annotation model built upon the W3C's Web Annotation Data Model. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by means of a tool suite featuring a plugin, which has been deployed and tested over the multi-artefacts. The overall approach is illustrated on the design of an interactive cockpit application performing two design iterations. The contribution brings two main benefits for interactive systems engineering: i) it presents a generic pattern for integrating information in multiple usually heterogenous artefacts throughout the design process of interactive systems; and ii) it highlights the need for tools helping to rationalize and to document the various artefacts and the related decisions made during interactive systems design. CCS CONCEPTS $\bullet$ Human-centered computing $\bullet$ Human computer interaction (HCI)

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