论文标题
防御高级持久威胁使用游戏理论
Defending Against Advanced Persistent Threats using Game-Theory
论文作者
论文摘要
先进的持久威胁(APT)结合了从社会工程到技术利用的各种不同的攻击形式。 APT的多样性和通常的隐身性将它们变成了当代实际系统安全的核心问题,因为有关攻击,当前系统状态或攻击者的激励措施的信息通常含糊不清,不确定,并且在许多情况下甚至无法使用。游戏理论是一种自然的方法,可以模拟攻击者与防守者之间的冲突,这项工作研究了一类普遍的矩阵游戏,作为降低APT防御的风险缓解工具。与标准游戏和决策理论不同,我们的模型是为了捕获和处理与APT不断增长的全部不确定性的量身定制的,例如定性专家风险评估,未知的对抗性激励措施和对当前系统状态的不确定性(就攻击者的侵害对系统的保护性有多深入而言))。实际上,游戏理论APT模型可以直接从拓扑脆弱性分析中得出,以及风险评估,因为它们是像ISO 31000家族这样的常见风险管理标准。从理论上讲,这些模型具有与古典游戏理论模型不同的属性,而经典游戏理论模型在这项工作中提出的技术解决方案可能具有独立的兴趣。
Advanced persistent threats (APT) combine a variety of different attack forms ranging from social engineering to technical exploits. The diversity and usual stealthiness of APT turns them into a central problem of contemporary practical system security, since information on attacks, the current system status or the attacker's incentives is often vague, uncertain and in many cases even unavailable. Game theory is a natural approach to model the conflict between the attacker and the defender, and this work investigates a generalized class of matrix games as a risk mitigation tool for an APT defense. Unlike standard game and decision theory, our model is tailored to capture and handle the full uncertainty that is immanent to APT, such as disagreement among qualitative expert risk assessments, unknown adversarial incentives and uncertainty about the current system state (in terms of how deeply the attacker may have penetrated into the system's protective shells already). Practically, game-theoretic APT models can be derived straightforwardly from topological vulnerability analysis, together with risk assessments as they are done in common risk management standards like the ISO 31000 family. Theoretically, these models come with different properties than classical game theoretic models, whose technical solution presented in this work may be of independent interest.