论文标题
美国职业任务的分布：对多样化和老龄化人口的影响
The Distribution of Occupational Tasks in the United States: Implications for a Diverse and Aging Population
论文作者
论文摘要
我们记录了美国职业任务分配中年龄的性别交叉口。我们还研究了从2000年代初到2011年代末，不同年龄赛/种族性别群体的工作内容如何变化。使用美国社区调查（ACS）的职业信息网络（O*NET）和汇总的横断面数据，我们检查了工人执行的任务如何随着年龄和时间而变化。我们发现，白人在职业生涯的早期就过渡到非专业认知任务的职业过渡，而西班牙裔和黑人在整个工作生活中大部分工作。除亚洲男女外，55-67岁的工人的常规手动任务急剧增加。政策制定者很快将受到对权利计划的财务压力的挑战，由于不平等的职业任务分配不平等，改革可能会对性别和种族/族裔群体产生不成比例的影响。
We document the age-race-gender intersectionality in the distribution of occupational tasks in the United States. We also investigate how the task content of work changed from the early-2000s to the late-2010s for different age-race/ethnicity-gender groups. Using the Occupation Information Network (O*NET) and pooled cross-sectional data from the American Community Survey (ACS) we examine how the tasks that workers perform vary with age and over time. We find that White men transition to occupations high in non-routine cognitive tasks early in their careers, whereas Hispanic and Black men work mostly in physically demanding jobs over their entire working lives. Routine manual tasks increased dramatically for 55-67 year-old workers, except for Asian men and women. Policymakers will soon be challenged by financial stress on entitlement programs, reforms could have disproportionate effects on gender and racial/ethnic groups due to inequality in the distribution of occupational tasks.
