论文标题

挥发性碳与氧比作为星际彗星地层的示踪剂

The Volatile Carbon to Oxygen Ratio as a Tracer for the Formation Locations of Interstellar Comets

论文作者

Seligman, Darryl Z., Rogers, Leslie A., Cabot, Samuel H. C., Noonan, John W., Kareta, Theodore, Mandt, Kathleen E., Ciesla, Fred, McKay, Adam, Feinstein, Adina D., Levine, W. Garrett, Bean, Jacob L., Nordlander, Thomas, Krumholz, Mark R., Mansfield, Megan, Hoover, Devin J., Van Clepper, Eric

论文摘要

基于1i/`Oumuamua和2i/borisov的发现所隐含的发生率,即将面临的Rubin Persvatory守护现象对时空(LSST)的调查应每年检测到$ \ ge1 $星际对象(Hoover etal。2021)。我们提倡将来测量h $ _2 $ o,co $ _2 $和CO的生产率,以估算其碳与氧比,从而追踪其原始原动性磁盘中的地层。我们审查了对太阳系彗星的类似测量值,该彗星表明CO雪线的内部形成。通过量化星际介质和太阳系中的相对处理,我们估计生产率将无法代表大多数星际彗星的原始组成。在星际介质中,CO和CO $ _2 $相对于H $ _2 $ O的优先解吸意味着测量的C/O比表示原始比率的下限。具体而言,生产率比为$ {\ rm q}({\ rm co})/{\ rm q}({\ rm h_2o})<。2 $和$ {\ rm q}({\ rm co}) CO雪线分别。 2i/borisov的高C/O比意味着它在CO雪线的外部形成。我们提供了当前运营的设施的概述,这些设施能够获得这些测量值,这些测量将限制逐渐形成CO雪线的弹出彗星的分数。这一部分将提供有关系术系统中彗星弹出效率和机制的关键见解。

Based on the occurrence rates implied by the discoveries of 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, the forthcoming Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) should detect $\ge1$ interstellar objects every year (Hoover et al. 2021). We advocate for future measurements of the production rates of H$_2$O, CO$_2$ and CO in these objects to estimate their carbon to oxygen ratios, which traces formation locations within their original protoplanetary disks. We review similar measurements for Solar System comets, which indicate formation interior to the CO snowline. By quantifying the relative processing in the interstellar medium and Solar System, we estimate that production rates will not be representative of primordial compositions for the majority of interstellar comets. Preferential desorption of CO and CO$_2$ relative to H$_2$O in the interstellar medium implies that measured C/O ratios represent lower limits on the primordial ratios. Specifically, production rate ratios of ${\rm Q}({\rm CO})/{\rm Q}({\rm H_2O})<.2$ and ${\rm Q}({\rm CO})/{\rm Q}({\rm H_2O})>1$ likely indicate formation interior and exterior to the CO snowline, respectively. The high C/O ratio of 2I/Borisov implies that it formed exterior to the CO snowline. We provide an overview of the currently operational facilities capable of obtaining these measurements that will constrain the fraction of ejected comets that formed exterior to the CO snowline. This fraction will provide key insights into the efficiency of and mechanisms for cometary ejection in exoplanetary systems.

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