论文标题
基于元学习的早期故障检测,用于滚动轴承,通过几个射击异常检测
Meta-Learning Based Early Fault Detection for Rolling Bearings via Few-Shot Anomaly Detection
论文作者
论文摘要
滚动轴承的早期故障检测(EFD)可以识别健康状态的轻微偏差,并有助于机械系统的稳定性。实际上,目标轴承数据非常有限,可以进行EFD,这使得很难适应新轴承的EFD任务。为了解决这个问题,许多基于转移学习的EFD方法都利用历史数据来学习可转移的域知识,并对新目标轴承进行早期故障检测。但是,大多数现有方法仅考虑分布在不同的工作条件上的漂移,但忽略了相同工作条件下轴承之间的差异,这称为单位对单位变异性(UTUV)。考虑到UTUV的目标数据有限的EFD的设置可以作为几个射击异常检测任务进行配置。因此,本文提出了一种基于元学习的新型EFD方法。提出的方法可以基于关系网络(RN)学习通用度量,以测量正常数据与新到达目标轴承数据之间的相似性。此外,提出的方法利用健康状态嵌入策略来减少错误警报。在两个轴承数据集上测试了建议的方法的性能。结果表明,所提出的方法可以比较低的错误警报的基线更早检测出初期的故障。
Early fault detection (EFD) of rolling bearings can recognize slight deviation of the health states and contribute to the stability of mechanical systems. In practice, very limited target bearing data are available to conduct EFD, which makes it hard to adapt to the EFD task of new bearings. To address this problem, many transfer learning based EFD methods utilize historical data to learn transferable domain knowledge and conduct early fault detection on new target bearings. However, most existing methods only consider the distribution drift across different working conditions but ignore the difference between bearings under the same working condition, which is called Unit-to-Unit Variability (UtUV). The setting of EFD with limited target data considering UtUV can be formulated as a Few-shot Anomaly Detection task. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel EFD method based on meta-learning considering UtUV. The proposed method can learn a generic metric based on Relation Network (RN) to measure the similarity between normal data and the new arrival target bearing data. Besides, the proposed method utilizes a health state embedding strategy to decrease false alarms. The performance of proposed method is tested on two bearing datasets. The results show that the proposed method can detect incipient faults earlier than the baselines with lower false alarms.