论文标题
护照:使用标识符改善自动正式验证
Passport: Improving Automated Formal Verification Using Identifiers
论文作者
论文摘要
储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。
Formally verifying system properties is one of the most effective ways of improving system quality, but its high manual effort requirements often render it prohibitively expensive. Tools that automate formal verification, by learning from proof corpora to suggest proofs, have just begun to show their promise. These tools are effective because of the richness of the data the proof corpora contain. This richness comes from the stylistic conventions followed by communities of proof developers, together with the logical systems beneath proof assistants. However, this richness remains underexploited, with most work thus far focusing on architecture rather than making the most of the proof data. In this paper, we develop Passport, a fully-automated proof-synthesis tool that systematically explores how to most effectively exploit one aspect of that proof data: identifiers. Passport enriches a predictive Coq model with three new encoding mechanisms for identifiers: category vocabulary indexing, subword sequence modeling, and path elaboration. We compare Passport to three existing base tools which Passport can enhance: ASTactic, Tac, and Tok. In head-to-head comparisons, Passport automatically proves 29% more theorems than the best-performing of these base tools. Combining the three Passport-enhanced tools automatically proves 38% more theorems than the three base tools together, without Passport's enhancements. Finally, together, these base tools and Passport-enhanced tools prove 45% more theorems than the combined base tools without Passport's enhancements. Overall, our findings suggest that modeling identifiers can play a significant role in improving proof synthesis, leading to higher-quality software.