论文标题
建立对量子计算的信任
Establishing trust in quantum computations
论文作者
论文摘要
现实世界中的量子计算机已经变得足够复杂，无法通过经典的超级计算机模拟它们，但是它们的计算能力仍然受到错误的限制。这些错误破坏了量子算法的结果，并且使用经典模拟直接检查量子计算的正确性并不总是可行的。如果没有实用方法来量化量子算法的执行精度，则很难对量子计算结果建立信任。在这里，我们通过引入一种简单有效的技术来解决此问题，以衡量量量子计算机可以执行算法的保真度。我们的技术将算法的量子电路转换为一组密切相关的电路，这些电路可以有效地测量其成功率。它使得在近期测量量子算法执行的忠诚度，算法在数百或数千个物理码头上运行，并在未来进行，并在算法上以量子误差校正保护的逻辑Qubits运行。
Real-world quantum computers have grown sufficiently complex that they can no longer be simulated by classical supercomputers, but their computational power remains limited by errors. These errors corrupt the results of quantum algorithms, and it is no longer always feasible to use classical simulations to directly check the correctness of quantum computations. Without practical methods for quantifying the accuracy with which a quantum algorithm has been executed, it is difficult to establish trust in the results of a quantum computation. Here we solve this problem, by introducing a simple and efficient technique for measuring the fidelity with which an as-built quantum computer can execute an algorithm. Our technique converts the algorithm's quantum circuits into a set of closely related circuits whose success rates can be efficiently measured. It enables measuring the fidelity of quantum algorithm executions both in the near-term, with algorithms run on hundreds or thousands of physical qubits, and into the future, with algorithms run on logical qubits protected by quantum error correction.
