论文标题
形成具有巨大影响的铁富铁的行星
Forming Iron-rich Planets with Giant Impacts
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了在1 m $ _ {\ oplus} $和20 m $ _ {\ oplus} $之间的超级地幔巨型冲击(GI)。我们推断出最大碎片及其铁质量分数的质量的新缩放定律,以及对灾难性破坏的关键特定影响能量的更新拟合系数,$ q_ {rd}^{*} $。通过这些缩放定律,我们得出了将影响条件(即目标质量,影响速度和影响器与目标质量比)与最大碎片的质量和铁质量分数相关的方程。这使人们可以预测碰撞结果,而无需进行大量模拟。使用这些方程式,我们在给定的撞击条件范围内碰撞其地幔的碰撞剥离,最大和最小行星铁质量分数。我们还使用室内结构模型来推断给定质量和组成的半径,并将我们的结果与富含金属系外行星的观察结果进行比较。我们发现数据与模拟行星之间的良好共识表明GI可以在其形成中发挥关键作用。此外,使用我们的缩放定律,我们可以进一步限制有利于其群众和组成的影响条件。最后,我们提出了一种灵活且易于使用的工具,该工具可以在GI之后预测行星的质量和组成,以期在任意影响条件下,进而评估GI在观察到的行星系统中的作用。
We investigate mantle stripping giant impacts (GI) between super-Earths with masses between 1 M$_{\oplus}$ and 20 M$_{\oplus}$. We infer new scaling laws for the mass of the largest fragment and its iron mass fraction, as well as updated fitting coefficients for the critical specific impact energy for catastrophic disruption, $Q_{RD}^{*}$. With these scaling laws, we derive equations that relate the impact conditions, i.e., target mass, impact velocity and impactor-to-target mass ratio, to the mass and iron mass fraction of the largest fragment. This allows one to predict collision outcomes without performing a large suite of simulations. Using these equations we present the maximum and minimum planetary iron mass fraction as a result of collisional stripping of its mantle for a given range of impact conditions. We also infer the radius for a given mass and composition using interior structure models and compare our results to observations of metal-rich exoplanets. We find good agreement between the data and the simulated planets suggesting that GI could have played a key role in their formation. Furthermore, using our scaling laws we can further constrain the impact conditions that favour their masses and compositions. Finally, we present a flexible and easy-to-use tool that allows one to predict mass and composition of a planet after a GI for an arbitrary range of impact conditions which in turn allows to assess the role of GI in observed planetary systems.