论文标题

超相关核与偏振光子 - 胶质碰撞的层析成像

Tomography of Ultra-relativistic Nuclei with Polarized Photon-gluon Collisions

论文作者

STAR Collaboration, Abdallah, M. S., Aboona, B. E., Adam, J., Adamczyk, L., Adams, J. R., Adkins, J. K., Agakishiev, G., Aggarwal, I., Aggarwal, M. M., Ahammed, Z., Aitbaev, A., Alekseev, I., Anderson, D. M., Aparin, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Ashraf, M. U., Atetalla, F. G., Averichev, G. S., Bairathi, V., Baker, W., Cap, J. G. Ball, Barish, K., Behera, A., Bellwied, R., Bhagat, P., Bhasin, A., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bordyuzhin, I. G., Brandenburg, J. D., Brandin, A. V., Cai, X. Z., Caines, H., Sánchez, M. Calderón de la Barca, Cebra, D., Chakaberia, I., Chaloupka, P., Chan, B. K., Chang, F-H., Chang, Z., Chatterjee, A., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, J. H., Chen, X., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Choudhury, S., Christie, W., Chu, X., Crawford, H. J., Csanád, M., Daugherity, M., Dedovich, T. G., Deppner, I. M., Derevschikov, A. A., Dhamija, A., Di Carlo, L., Didenko, L., Dixit, P., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J. L., Duckworth, E., Dunlop, J. C., Engelage, J., Eppley, G., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Ewigleben, A., Eyser, O., Fatemi, R., Fawzi, F. M., Fazio, S., Feng, C. J., Feng, Y., Finch, E., Fisyak, Y., Francisco, A., Fu, C., Gagliardi, C. A., Galatyuk, T., Geurts, F., Ghimire, N., Gibson, A., Gopal, K., Gou, X., Grosnick, D., Gupta, A., Guryn, W., Hamed, A., Han, Y., Harabasz, S., Harasty, M. D., Harris, J. W., Harrison, H., He, S., He, W., He, X. H., He, Y., Heppelmann, S., Herrmann, N., Hoffman, E., Holub, L., Hu, C., Hu, Q., Hu, Y., Huang, H., Huang, H. Z., Huang, S. L., Huang, T., Huang, X., Huang, Y., Humanic, T. J., Isenhower, D., Isshiki, M., Jacobs, W. W., Jena, C., Jentsch, A., Ji, Y., Jia, J., Jiang, K., Ju, X., Judd, E. G., Kabana, S., Kabir, M. L., Kagamaster, S., Kalinkin, D., Kang, K., Kapukchyan, D., Kauder, K., Ke, H. W., Keane, D., Kechechyan, A., Kelsey, M., Kikoła, D. P., Kimelman, B., Kincses, D., Kisel, I., Kiselev, A., Klein, S. R., Knospe, A. G., Ko, H. S., Kochenda, L., Korobitsin, A., Kosarzewski, L. K., Kramarik, L., Kravtsov, P., Kumar, L., Kumar, S., Elayavalli, R. Kunnawalkam, Kwasizur, J. H., Lacey, R., Lan, S., Landgraf, J. M., Lauret, J., Lebedev, A., Lednicky, R., Lee, J. H., Leung, Y. H., Lewis, N., Li, C., Li, C., Li, W., Li, X., Li, Y., Li, Y., Liang, X., Liang, Y., Licenik, R., Lin, T., Lin, Y., Lisa, M. A., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H., Liu, P., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Ljubicic, T., Llope, W. J., Longacre, R. S., Loyd, E., Lu, T., Lukow, N. S., Luo, X. F., Ma, L., Ma, R., Ma, Y. G., Magdy, N., Mallick, D., Manukhov, S. L., Margetis, S., Markert, C., Matis, H. S., Mazer, J. A., Minaev, N. G., Mioduszewski, S., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M. M., Mooney, I., Morozov, D. A., Mukherjee, A., Nagy, M., Nam, J. D., Nasim, Md., Nayak, K., Neff, D., Nelson, J. M., Nemes, D. B., Nie, M., Nigmatkulov, G., Niida, T., Nishitani, R., Nogach, L. V., Nonaka, T., Nunes, A. S., Odyniec, G., Ogawa, A., Oh, S., Okorokov, V. A., Okubo, K., Page, B. S., Pak, R., Pan, J., Pandav, A., Pandey, A. K., Panebratsev, Y., Parfenov, P., Paul, A., Pawlik, B., Pawlowska, D., Perkins, C., Pluta, J., Pokhrel, B. R., Porter, J., Posik, M., Prozorova, V., Pruthi, N. K., Przybycien, M., Putschke, J., Qiu, H., Quintero, A., Racz, C., Radhakrishnan, S. K., Raha, N., Ray, R. L., Reed, R., Ritter, H. G., Robotkova, M., Romero, J. L., Roy, D., Ruan, L., Sahoo, A. K., Sahoo, N. R., Sako, H., Salur, S., Samigullin, E., Sandweiss, J., Sato, S., Schmidke, W. B., Schmitz, N., Schweid, B. R., Seck, F., Seger, J., Seto, R., Seyboth, P., Shah, N., Shahaliev, E., Shanmuganathan, P. V., Shao, M., Shao, T., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A. I., Shen, D. Y., Shi, S. S., Shi, Y., Shou, Q. Y., Sichtermann, E. P., Sikora, R., Singh, J., Singha, S., Sinha, P., Skoby, M. J., Smirnov, N., Söhngen, Y., Solyst, W., Song, Y., Spinka, H. M., Srivastava, B., Stanislaus, T. D. S., Stefaniak, M., Stewart, D. J., Strikhanov, M., Stringfellow, B., Suaide, A. A. P., Sumbera, M., Sun, X. M., Sun, X., Sun, Y., Sun, Y., Surrow, B., Svirida, D. N., Sweger, Z. W., Szymanski, P., Tang, A. H., Tang, Z., Taranenko, A., Tarnowsky, T., Thomas, J. H., Timmins, A. R., Tlusty, D., Todoroki, T., Tokarev, M., Tomkiel, C. A., Trentalange, S., Tribble, R. E., Tribedy, P., Tripathy, S. K., Truhlar, T., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O. D., Tu, Z., Ullrich, T., Underwood, D. G., Upsal, I., Van Buren, G., Vanek, J., Vasiliev, A. N., Vassiliev, I., Verkest, V., Videbæk, F., Vokal, S., Voloshin, S. A., Wang, F., Wang, G., Wang, J. S., Wang, P., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Webb, J. C., Weidenkaff, P. C., Westfall, G. D., Wieman, H., Wissink, S. W., Witt, R., Wu, J., Wu, J., Wu, Y., Xi, B., Xiao, Z. G., Xie, G., Xie, W., Xu, H., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Xu, Z., Yan, G., Yang, C., Yang, Q., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Ye, Z., Ye, Z., Yi, L., Yip, K., Yu, Y., Zbroszczyk, H., Zha, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F., Zhao, J., Zhao, M., Zhou, C., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Zurek, M., Zyzak, M.

论文摘要

线性极化光子可以从以超相关速度传播的核的洛伦兹启动电磁场进行量化。当两个相对论的重核以几个核半径的距离相互通过时,来自一个核的光子可以通过虚拟夸克 - 易夸克对与其他核心的胶子相互作用,形成了短暂的载体介子(例如$ {ρ^0} $)。在此实验中,极化用于衍射光生源来观察$ {ρ^0 \rightarrowπ^+π^ - } $衰减的角度分布中的独特自旋干扰模式。观察到的干扰是两个波函数在距离上的重叠的结果,比$ {ρ^0} $在其寿命内大的数量级。从这些衍射相互作用中提取了强相互作用的核半径,发现为$ 6.53 \ pm 0.06 $ fm($^{197} {\ rm au} $)和$ 7.29 \ pm 0.08 $ fm($^{$^{238} {\ rm u} $),比核电radii大。可观察到的可观察到对非相同颗粒的核几何形状和量子干扰敏感。

A linearly polarized photon can be quantized from the Lorentz-boosted electromagnetic field of a nucleus traveling at ultra-relativistic speed. When two relativistic heavy nuclei pass one another at a distance of a few nuclear radii, the photon from one nucleus may interact through a virtual quark-antiquark pair with gluons from the other nucleus forming a short-lived vector meson (e.g. ${ρ^0}$). In this experiment, the polarization was utilized in diffractive photoproduction to observe a unique spin interference pattern in the angular distribution of ${ρ^0\rightarrowπ^+π^-}$ decays. The observed interference is a result of an overlap of two wave functions at a distance an order of magnitude larger than the ${ρ^0}$ travel distance within its lifetime. The strong-interaction nuclear radii were extracted from these diffractive interactions, and found to be $6.53\pm 0.06$ fm ($^{197} {\rm Au }$) and $7.29\pm 0.08$ fm ($^{238} {\rm U}$), larger than the nuclear charge radii. The observable is demonstrated to be sensitive to the nuclear geometry and quantum interference of non-identical particles.

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