论文标题

可计数的拉姆齐

Countable Ramsey

论文作者

Coregliano, Leonardo N., Malliaris, Maryanthe

论文摘要

著名的Erdős-Hajnal的猜想说,在任何适当的遗传性有限图中,我们保证具有大小$ n^c $的集团或反固定,这比Ramsey Theorem一般而言的对数大小要好得多。另一方面,在不可数的基础上,稳定性的模型理论特性确保了均匀的设置,远大于Erdős-Rado定理所提供的统一设置。 尽管在文献中已经对有限的稳定性的后果进行了很多研究,但可计数的环境似乎是完全不同的,即,仅基于基于基础性质的无限量概念在基于基础性的宽敞概念中并没有揭示任何结构,因为Ramsey的定理已经提供了一般而言的无限均匀统一。在本文中,我们表明,上层密度给出的宽敞性的自然概念表明,这些现象在可数值中相遇:可数的图在且仅当它具有正密度几乎稳定的情况下,几乎具有正面的集合或反粘液。此外,这个结果也自然地扩展到有限的关系语言中通用理论的可数模型。 我们的方法探索了与融合概念的联系,在密集组合物体的限制理论中,引入和研究Erdős-Hajnal属性的自然近似版本,该属性允许边缘中的错误(总的来说,谓词)在边缘差异可忽略不计,但需要在模型的偏离序列中进行固定序列(需要固定的范围)(需要更高的范围)(均可提供的均匀序列(均可启动),这是必不可少的(需要更高的范围)。最后,令人惊讶的是,我们完全表征了所有具有近似Erdős-Hajnal属性的有限图的遗传类别。证明强调了与原始猜想的差异和相似之处。

The celebrated Erdős-Hajnal Conjecture says that in any proper hereditary class of finite graphs we are guaranteed to have a clique or anti-clique of size $n^c$, which is a much better bound than the logarithmic size that is provided by Ramsey's Theorem in general. On the other hand, in uncountable cardinalities, the model-theoretic property of stability guarantees a uniform set much larger than the bound provided by the Erdős-Rado Theorem in general. Even though the consequences of stability in the finite have been much studied in the literature, the countable setting seems a priori quite different, namely, in the countably infinite the notion of largeness based on cardinality alone does not reveal any structure as Ramsey's Theorem already provides a countably infinite uniform set in general. In this paper, we show that the natural notion of largeness given by upper density reveals that these phenomena meet in the countable: a countable graph has an almost clique or anti-clique of positive upper density if and only if it has a positive upper density almost stable set. Moreover, this result also extends naturally to countable models of a universal theory in a finite relational language. Our methods explore a connection with the notion of convergence in the theory of limits of dense combinatorial objects, introducing and studying a natural approximate version of the Erdős-Hajnal property that allows for a negligible error in the edges (in general, predicates) but requires linear-sized uniform sets in convergent sequences of models (this is much stronger than what stable regularity can provide as the error is required to go to zero). Finally, surprisingly, we completely characterize all hereditary classes of finite graphs that have this approximate Erdős-Hajnal property. The proof highlights both differences and similarities with the original conjecture.

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