论文标题
Bose-Einstein凝结：什么，如何以及超越
Bose-Einstein condensation: what, how and beyond
论文作者
论文摘要
在非常低的温度下，在系统最低的能量状态下，非互动玻色子的宏观分数被称为Bose-Einstein凝结。在其理论预测之后，观察冷凝水花了近70年的时间。相关发展的简要历史，基本理论的基本知识，在碱原子气体中产生冷凝物的步骤以及相关理论以及过去25年中进行的研究工作的一些重要特征。已经做出了努力，以一种材料的方式展示本科生和非专业人士很容易随之而来的材料，甚至可以用于课堂教学。
The piling up of a macroscopic fraction of noninteracting bosons in the lowest energy state of a system at very low temperatures is known as Bose-Einstein condensation. It took nearly 70 years to observe the condensate after their theoretical prediction. A brief history of the relevant developments, essentials of the basic theory, physics of the steps involved in producing the condensate in a gas of alkali atoms together with the pertinent theory, and some important features of the research work carried out in the last about 25 years have been dealt with. An effort has been made to present the material in a manner that it can be easily followed by undergraduate students as well as non-specialists and may even be used for classroom teaching.
