论文标题

形状不变3D对抗点云

Shape-invariant 3D Adversarial Point Clouds

论文作者

Huang, Qidong, Dong, Xiaoyi, Chen, Dongdong, Zhou, Hang, Zhang, Weiming, Yu, Nenghai

论文摘要

对手和隐形性是两个基本但冲突特征的对抗性扰动。以前对3D点云识别的对抗性攻击通常因其明显的点离群值而受到批评,因为它们只是涉及“内在约束”,例如耗时优化中的全球距离损失,以限制生成的噪声。虽然点云是一种高度结构化的数据格式,但很难以简单的损失或正确的度量来限制其扰动。在本文中,我们提出了一个新颖的点云灵敏度图,以提高点扰动的效率和不可识别性。该地图在遇到形状不变的对抗噪声时揭示了点云识别模型的脆弱性。这些声音是沿形状表面设计的,具有“明确约束”,而不是额外的距离损失。具体而言,我们首先在点云输入的每个点上应用可逆的坐标转换,以减少一个点自由度并限制其在切线平面上的运动。然后,我们通过在白色框模型上获得的转换点云的梯度来计算最佳的攻击方向。最后,我们分配了每个点的非负分数来构建灵敏度图,这使我们的工作中有利于白盒对抗性隐形和黑盒查询效率。广泛的评估证明,我们的方法可以在各种点云识别模型上实现卓越的性能,并具有令人满意的对抗性不可识别和对不同点云防御设置的强烈抵抗。我们的代码可在以下网址提供:https://github.com/shikiw/si-adv。

Adversary and invisibility are two fundamental but conflict characters of adversarial perturbations. Previous adversarial attacks on 3D point cloud recognition have often been criticized for their noticeable point outliers, since they just involve an "implicit constrain" like global distance loss in the time-consuming optimization to limit the generated noise. While point cloud is a highly structured data format, it is hard to constrain its perturbation with a simple loss or metric properly. In this paper, we propose a novel Point-Cloud Sensitivity Map to boost both the efficiency and imperceptibility of point perturbations. This map reveals the vulnerability of point cloud recognition models when encountering shape-invariant adversarial noises. These noises are designed along the shape surface with an "explicit constrain" instead of extra distance loss. Specifically, we first apply a reversible coordinate transformation on each point of the point cloud input, to reduce one degree of point freedom and limit its movement on the tangent plane. Then we calculate the best attacking direction with the gradients of the transformed point cloud obtained on the white-box model. Finally we assign each point with a non-negative score to construct the sensitivity map, which benefits both white-box adversarial invisibility and black-box query-efficiency extended in our work. Extensive evaluations prove that our method can achieve the superior performance on various point cloud recognition models, with its satisfying adversarial imperceptibility and strong resistance to different point cloud defense settings. Our code is available at: https://github.com/shikiw/SI-Adv.

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