论文标题
全球社会性别差异的证据
World-wide Evidence for Gender Difference in Sociality
论文作者
论文摘要
关于人类行为的最有争议的问题之一是，在社会纽带的形成和维持中是否存在固有的性别或性别差异。一方面，雌性和男性的大脑在结构上几乎相同，尽管内分泌系统的性别差异很小，但它们很小，而大部分性别身份和行为都被学习。另一方面，社会行为某些方面的性别差异具有深厚的进化根源，并且在非人类动物中广泛存在。这项观察性研究记录了2636小时内出现在公共场所中的同龄成年人类群体的频率，通过170名研究助理在全球46个国家通过170名研究助理记录小组组成。结果表明（a）在同性时代频率中存在显着性别的差异，在全球公共场所中观察到的女性女性比男性对高约50％，并且（b）尽管区域变化，但这些模式在每个全球区域中都能保持。这是全世界对全球二元社会行为的性别差异的首次研究，也是首次使用直接观察而不是基于互联网的观察的全球研究。
One of the most contested questions about human behaviour is whether there are inherent sex or gender differences in the formation and maintenance of social bonds. On one hand, female and male brains are structurally almost identical, and while there are sex differences in the endocrine system, these are small, while much of gendered identity and behaviour is learned. On the other hand, sex differences in some aspects of social behaviour have deep evolutionary roots, and are widely present in non-human animals. This observational study recorded the frequency of same-aged, adult human groups appearing in public spaces through 2636 hours, recording group formation by 1.2mn people via 170 research assistants in 46 countries across the world. The results show (a) a significant sex-gender difference in same-sex-same-age frequency, in that ~50% more female-female than male-male pairs are observed in public spaces globally, and (b) that despite regional variation, the patterns holds up in every global region. This is the first study of sex-gender difference in dyadic social behaviour across the world on this scale, and the first global study that uses direct rather than internet-based observations.
