论文标题
量子直接和常见原因及其实验验证之间有效区分
Efficient Distinction between Quantum Direct and Common Causes and its Experimental Verification
论文作者
论文摘要
在许多科学领域，已经广泛研究了两个统计相关事件之间的因果结构。对于某些情况下，一些经过良好研究的经典方法已仔细地将其概括为因果推断的量子版本，但仍缺乏检测更通用的量子因果结构的有效和有效方法。在这里，我们引入了一个名为“因果决定因素”的数量，以有效地识别两个量子系统之间的量子因果结构，并在实验中验证该方法的有效性。根据因果决定因素的说法，任意统一操作员施加的量子直接原因可以与量子共同原因完全歧视，量子共同原因是两个量子系统共享关节量子状态。另外，因果决定因素具有区分更一般的因果结构并预测其参数范围的能力。检测我们方法更通用的量子因果结构的能力可以使量子因果推理领域开发新的启示。
Identifying the causal structures between two statistically correlated events has been widely investigated in many fields of science. While some of the well-studied classical methods are carefully generalized to quantum version of causal inference for certain cases, an effective and efficient way to detect the more general quantum causal structures is still lacking. Here, we introduce a quantity named `Causal Determinant' to efficiently identify the quantum causal structures between two quantum systems and experimentally verify the validity of the method. According to the causal determinant, the quantum direct cause imposed by an arbitrary unitary operator can be perfectly discriminated with the quantum common cause, in which the two quantum systems share a joint quantum state. In addition, the causal determinant has the capability to discriminate between more general causal structures and predict the range of their parameters. The ability to detect more general quantum causal structures of our method can shed new light on the field of quantum causal inference.
