论文标题

自主系统动态保证的风险感知场景抽样

Risk-Aware Scene Sampling for Dynamic Assurance of Autonomous Systems

论文作者

Ramakrishna, Shreyas, Luo, Baiting, Barve, Yogesh, Karsai, Gabor, Dubey, Abhishek

论文摘要

自主的网络物理系统通常必须在不确定性下运行,例如传感器降解和操作条件下的变化,从而增加其运营风险。这些系统的动态保证需要设计运行时安全组件(例如分布式检测器和风险估计器),这需要来自系统的不同操作模式的标记数据,这些数据属于属于具有不良操作条件,传感器和执行器故障的场景。收集这些场景的真实数据可能很昂贵,有时不可行。因此,可以使用带有随机和网格搜索的采样器的语言描述语言,可以从模拟器中生成综合数据,从而复制这些真实世界的场景。但是,我们指出使用这些常规采样器的三个限制。首先,它们是被动采样器,在抽样过程中不使用先前结果的反馈。其次,要采样的变量可能具有通常不包括在内的约束。第三,他们不平衡探索和剥削之间的权衡,我们假设这对于更好的搜索空间覆盖范围是必要的。我们提出了一种场景生成方法,其中两个称为随机邻域搜索(RNS)和引导贝叶斯优化(GBO)的采样器将传统的随机搜索和贝叶斯优化搜索扩展到包括限制。此外,为了促进采样器,我们使用基于风险的度量标准,该指标评估了现场对系统的风险。我们在卡拉模拟中使用自动驾驶示例来证明我们的方法。为了评估我们的采样器,我们将它们与随机搜索,网格搜索和Halton序列搜索的基线进行了比较。我们的RN和GBO的采样器采样了83%和92%的高风险场景比例,相比之下,分别为56%,66%和71%的网格,随机和Halton Samplers。

Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems must often operate under uncertainties like sensor degradation and shifts in the operating conditions, which increases its operational risk. Dynamic Assurance of these systems requires designing runtime safety components like Out-of-Distribution detectors and risk estimators, which require labeled data from different operating modes of the system that belong to scenes with adverse operating conditions, sensors, and actuator faults. Collecting real-world data of these scenes can be expensive and sometimes not feasible. So, scenario description languages with samplers like random and grid search are available to generate synthetic data from simulators, replicating these real-world scenes. However, we point out three limitations in using these conventional samplers. First, they are passive samplers, which do not use the feedback of previous results in the sampling process. Second, the variables to be sampled may have constraints that are often not included. Third, they do not balance the tradeoff between exploration and exploitation, which we hypothesize is necessary for better search space coverage. We present a scene generation approach with two samplers called Random Neighborhood Search (RNS) and Guided Bayesian Optimization (GBO), which extend the conventional random search and Bayesian Optimization search to include the limitations. Also, to facilitate the samplers, we use a risk-based metric that evaluates how risky the scene was for the system. We demonstrate our approach using an Autonomous Vehicle example in CARLA simulation. To evaluate our samplers, we compared them against the baselines of random search, grid search, and Halton sequence search. Our samplers of RNS and GBO sampled a higher percentage of high-risk scenes of 83% and 92%, compared to 56%, 66% and 71% of the grid, random and Halton samplers, respectively.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源