论文标题
太阳中微子观察的历史
History of Solar Neutrino Observations
论文作者
论文摘要
小雷蒙德·戴维斯（Raymond Davis Jr.）领导的第一个太阳中微子实验表明，相对于太阳模型预测，中微子的不足是自1970年代以来被称为“太阳中微子问题”的缺陷。正如1989年首次报道的那样，由Masatoshi Koshiba领导的Kamiokande实验成功地观察到了太阳中微子。观察到的太阳中微子的通量几乎是预测的一半，并证实了太阳中微子问题。由于太阳能模型中可能的不确定性，该问题在一段时间内无法解决。在2001年，发现太阳中微子问题是由于中微子振荡引起的，它是通过比较Super-Kamiokande和Sudbury Neutminino天文台结果，这是第一个独立于模型的比较。此后进行了太阳中微子振荡的详细研究，当考虑中微子振荡的效果时，太阳中微子实验的结果与太阳能模型预测一致。在本文中，审查了太阳中微子观察的历史，并详细介绍了Kamiokande和Super-Kamiokande的贡献。
The first solar neutrino experiment led by Raymond Davis Jr. showed a deficit of neutrinos relative to the solar model prediction, referred to as the "solar neutrino problem" since the 1970s. The Kamiokande experiment led by Masatoshi Koshiba successfully observed solar neutrinos, as first reported in 1989. The observed flux of solar neutrinos was almost half the prediction and confirmed the solar neutrino problem. This problem was not resolved for some time due to possible uncertainties in the solar model. In 2001, it was discovered that the solar neutrino problem is due to neutrino oscillations by comparing the Super-Kamiokande and Sudbury Neutrino Observatory results, which was the first model-independent comparison. Detailed studies of solar neutrino oscillations have since been performed, and the results of solar neutrino experiments are consistent with solar model predictions when the effect of neutrino oscillations are taken into account. In this article, the history of solar neutrino observations is reviewed with the contributions of Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande detailed.
