论文标题

行星种群综合:恒星相遇的作用

Planet population synthesis: The role of stellar encounters

论文作者

Ndugu, Nelson, Abedigamba, Oyirwoth Patrick, Andama, Geoffrey

论文摘要

根据恒星的密度,恒星簇中的原球盘会经受背景加热,盘截断由恒星遭遇驱动和光蒸发。圆盘截断会导致降低的特征大小和圆盘质量,最终阻止了气体巨型行星的形成。我们研究了圆盘截断如何通过基于卵石的核心积分范式影响行星形成,在圆盘寿命内,卵石尺寸源自整个晶粒尺寸的分布。我们做出一个最佳的假设,每张光盘的一个胚胎和一个恒星遇到。使用行星种群合成技术,我们发现圆盘截断会将圆盘质量分布转移到较低的边缘。因此,这降低了气体巨头的发生率。尽管聚集盘的气体巨型形成速率降低,但遇到模型大多显示出在孤立场中。与观测一致的冷木星比热木星更频繁。此外,热与冷木星的比率取决于pertuller的腐败者的植物分布,其线性分布在细胞中的比例显示出与其余模型相比的增强的热与冷木星的比例。在与我们的假设相对应的最佳情况下,我们的结果是有效的:只有一个盘式遇到磁盘,环境背景加热和不太猖ramp的光蒸发。在音乐会中,应遇到光盘,背景加热和照片蒸发法的影响,尚不清楚多少天然气巨型行星形成。因此,我们的研究有望成为对恒星簇环境对行星形成的详细影响进行定量研究的动机。

Depending on the stellar densities, protoplanetary discs in stellar clusters undergo background heating, disc truncation-driven by stellar encounter, and photo-evaporation. Disc truncation leads to reduced characteristic sizes and disc masses that eventually halts gas giant planet formation. We investigate how disc truncation impacts planet formation via pebble-based core accretion paradigm, where pebble sizes were derived from the full grain-size distribution within the disc lifetimes. We make the best-case assumption of one embryo and one stellar encounter per disc. Using planet population syntheses techniques, we find that disc truncation shifts the disc mass distributions to the lower margins. This consequently lowered the gas giant occurrence rates. Despite the reduced gas giant formation rates in clustered discs, the encounter models mostly show as in the isolated field; the cold Jupiters are more frequent than the hot Jupiters, consistent with observation. Moreover, the ratio of hot to cold Jupiters depend on the periastron distribution of the perturbers with linear distribution in periastron ratio showing enhanced hot to cold Jupiters ratio in comparison to the remaining models. Our results are valid in the best-case scenario corresponding to our assumptions of: only one disc encounter with a perturber, ambient background heating and less rampant photo-evaporation. It is not known exactly of how much gas giant planet formation would be affected should disc encounter, background heating and photo-evaporation act in a concert. Thus, our study will hopefully serve as motivation for quantitative investigations of the detailed impact of stellar cluster environments on planet formations.

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