论文标题
在这个分配彩票中,房子总是赢
In This Apportionment Lottery, the House Always Wins
论文作者
论文摘要
分配是根据各州人口成比例地在各州分配$ h $不可分割的席位的问题。在美国众议院的背景下,这个问题具有丰富的历史,是数学分析与政治实践之间相互作用的一个典型例子。 Grimmett(2004)建议以随机方式分摊座位,以使每个州都会完全收到其期望的座位$ q_i $ q_i $ q_i $,并接受$ \ lfloor q_i \ rfloor $或$ \ lceil q_i \ lceil q_i \ rceil $ rceil $ $多数座位。但是,有很多满足这两个公理的随机分配方法,因此我们还考虑了分配文献中突出的公理。我们的主要结果是一种满足配额,事前比例和房屋单调性的随机方法 - 当座位数量变化以及我们需要持有Ex Post时,可以防止悖论的属性。该结果是基于对两分图的依赖舍入的概括,我们称之为累积舍入,可能具有独立的兴趣,正如我们通过超出分配的应用所证明的那样。
Apportionment is the problem of distributing $h$ indivisible seats across states in proportion to the states' populations. In the context of the US House of Representatives, this problem has a rich history and is a prime example of interactions between mathematical analysis and political practice. Grimmett (2004) suggested to apportion seats in a randomized way such that each state receives exactly their proportional share $q_i$ of seats in expectation (ex ante proportionality) and receives either $\lfloor q_i \rfloor$ or $\lceil q_i \rceil$ many seats ex post (quota). However, there is a vast space of randomized apportionment methods satisfying these two axioms, and so we additionally consider prominent axioms from the apportionment literature. Our main result is a randomized method satisfying quota, ex ante proportionality and house monotonicity - a property that prevents paradoxes when the number of seats changes and which we require to hold ex post. This result is based on a generalization of dependent rounding on bipartite graphs, which we call cumulative rounding and which might be of independent interest, as we demonstrate via applications beyond apportionment.