论文标题

在可居住的M-dwarf行星大气中的氯氟化合物的可检测性

Detectability of Chlorofluorocarbons in the Atmospheres of Habitable M-dwarf Planets

论文作者

Haqq-Misra, Jacob, Kopparapu, Ravi, Fauchez, Thomas J., Frank, Adam, Wright, Jason T., Lingam1, Manasvi

论文摘要

地球大气中存在氯氟化合物(CFC)是技术的直接结果。大多数国家都禁止消耗臭氧的CFC,但是由于其较长的平流层寿命,一些CFC持续了浓度。 CFC是有效的温室气体,可以作为技术的远程检测光谱特征。在这里,我们使用三维气候模型和合成频谱发生器来评估CFC-11和CFC-12的可检测性作为系外行星上的技术签名。我们考虑了Trappist-1E的情况以及在3300 K M-warf恒星附近的宜居地球状星球,CFC的丰度在当今的水平上为1至五倍。假设詹姆斯·韦伯(James Webb)空间望远镜(JWST)中红外仪器(MIRI)低分辨率光谱仪(LRS)噪声水平为10 ppm到多个共同添加的观察结果,我们发现,光谱特征可能会归因于当前或历史悠久的地球级别的CFC特征,可以在SNR $ $ \ ge 3-5 $ \ ge 3-5 $中检测到trappisist $ \ 5 $ 5传播时间。但是,将非常保守的50 ppm噪声底线应用于共同添加的观测值,即使是5倍地球级别的CFC,无论观察时间如何,也无法检测到。可以同时进行此类观察,并且没有额外的成本来搜索生物签名气体。非检测将在CFC浓度上放置上限。我们发现,随着JWST的推出,人类可能正在接近能够检测到被动大气的技术签名的强度与其在最近的恒星周围相等的风口。

The presence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in Earth's atmosphere is a direct result of technology. Ozone-depleting CFCs have been banned by most countries, but some CFCs have persistent in elevated concentrations due to their long stratospheric lifetimes. CFCs are effective greenhouse gases and could serve as a remotely detectable spectral signature of technology. Here we use a three-dimensional climate model and a synthetic spectrum generator to assess the detectability of CFC-11 and CFC-12 as a technosignature on exoplanets. We consider the case of TRAPPIST-1e as well as a habitable Earth-like planet around a 3300 K M-dwarf star, with CFC abundances ranging from one to five times present-day levels. Assuming an optimistic James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) low resolution spectrometer (LRS) noise floor level of 10 ppm to multiple co-added observations, we find that spectral features potentially attributable to present or historic Earth-level CFC features could be detected with a SNR $\ge 3-5$ on TRAPPIST-1e, if present, in $\sim 100$ hours of in-transit time. However, applying a very conservative 50 ppm noise floor to co-added observations, even a 5x Earth-level CFC would not be detectable no matter the observation time. Such observations could be carried out simultaneously and at no additional cost with searches for biosignature gases. Non-detection would place upper limits on the CFC concentration. We find that with the launch of JWST, humanity may be approaching the cusp of being able to detect passive atmospheric technosignatures equal in strength to its own around the nearest stars.

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