论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Transit Timing Variations for AU Microscopii b & c
论文作者
论文摘要
我们探索附近Au mic行星系统的Young(22 Myr)的过境正时变化(TTV)。对于Au Mic B,我们引入了三个Spitzer(4.5 $ $ M)的过渡,5个Tess Transit,11个LCO Transit,一个害虫过境,一个Brierfield Transit和两次从Rossiter-McLaughlin观测值中进行的测量;对于Au Mic C,我们介绍了三个苔丝过境。我们提出了两个独立的TTV分析。首先,我们使用exofastv2共同对Spitzer和地面的过境建模并获得中点过境时间。然后,我们构建一个O--C图并用Exo-Striker建模TTV。其次,我们通过独立的光动力分析来重现结果。我们恢复了10.8 $^{+2.3} _ { - 2.2} $ M $ _ {e} $的AU MIC C的TTV质量。我们将TTV衍生的约束与最近的径向速度(RV)质量确定进行了比较。我们还观察到过多的TTV似乎与仅B和C的动态相互作用不一致,并且似乎并不是由于斑点或耀斑引起的。因此,我们提出了一种假设的非传输“中间D”候选外球星,该系外行星与观察到的TTV,候选RV信号一致,并将在4:6:9时期内将AU MIC系统建立为紧凑的谐振多样式链。这些结果表明,AU MIC行星系统正在动态相互作用产生可检测的TTV,而隐含的轨道动力学可能会为该年轻系统的形成机制提供信息。我们建议对Au Mic B和C的未来RV和TTV观察结果,以进一步限制质量并确认可能存在可能的其他行星。
We explore the transit timing variations (TTVs) of the young (22 Myr) nearby AU Mic planetary system. For AU Mic b, we introduce three Spitzer (4.5 $μ$m) transits, five TESS transits, 11 LCO transits, one PEST transit, one Brierfield transit, and two transit timing measurements from Rossiter-McLaughlin observations; for AU Mic c, we introduce three TESS transits. We present two independent TTV analyses. First, we use EXOFASTv2 to jointly model the Spitzer and ground-based transits and to obtain the midpoint transit times. We then construct an O--C diagram and model the TTVs with Exo-Striker. Second, we reproduce our results with an independent photodynamical analysis. We recover a TTV mass for AU Mic c of 10.8$^{+2.3}_{-2.2}$ M$_{E}$. We compare the TTV-derived constraints to a recent radial-velocity (RV) mass determination. We also observe excess TTVs that do not appear to be consistent with the dynamical interactions of b and c alone, and do not appear to be due to spots or flares. Thus, we present a hypothetical non-transiting "middle-d" candidate exoplanet that is consistent with the observed TTVs, the candidate RV signal, and would establish the AU Mic system as a compact resonant multi-planet chain in a 4:6:9 period commensurability. These results demonstrate that the AU Mic planetary system is dynamically interacting producing detectable TTVs, and the implied orbital dynamics may inform the formation mechanisms for this young system. We recommend future RV and TTV observations of AU Mic b and c to further constrain the masses and to confirm the existence of possible additional planet(s).