论文标题
兑现：随着英国朝着无现金社会的发展，评估本地财务排除的风险
Cashing Out: Assessing the risk of localised financial exclusion as the UK moves towards a cashless society
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管有关金融排斥的学术，商业和政策文献是广泛而广泛的，但很少有尝试量化和衡量世界上任何地方的本地化金融排斥的尝试。随着现金基础设施的撤离和向在线银行业务的转变，这是在现代英国社会中越来越重要的主题。这项研究使用广泛的输入变量开发了一个综合指标，包括现有现金基础设施的位置，各种人口统计学因素（例如收入和住房任期）和其他免费可用的生活方式数据，以识别具有最大金融排斥风险的领域，从而帮助他们开发干预策略来解决问题。该指标表明，尽管金融排斥与剥夺之间没有明显的相关性，但在贫困社区中通常发现了极端金融排斥的口袋，而富裕的郊区地区倾向于始终如一地更加有利，因此风险较小。归因于从缺乏基础设施到低汽车的可用性，但收入水平有明显的影响。提出了三项政策建议，包括在付费点渠道提供银行服务，以及将现金机转换为现金回收商，但只要它是由社区组织实施的，就发现改善数字收养是最有效的干预措施。纯粹针对基础设施规定或解决社会排斥的政策不太可能有效，因为需要基于社区的计划以及对金融体系的更广泛的改革。
Whilst academic, commercial and policy literature on financial exclusion is extensive and wide-ranging, there have been very few attempts to quantify and measure localised financial exclusion anywhere in the world. This is a subject of growing importance in modern UK society with the withdrawal of cash infrastructure and a shift towards online banking. This research develops a composite indicator using a wide-range of input variables, including the locations of existing cash infrastructure, various demographic factors (such as income and housing tenure) and other freely available lifestyle data to identify areas at greatest risk of financial exclusion, thereby aiding organisations to develop intervention strategies to tackle the problem. The indicator illustrates that whilst there is no apparent correlation between financial exclusion and deprivation, pockets of extreme financial exclusion are generally found in deprived communities, and affluent, suburban areas tend to score consistently more favourably and consequently carry less risk. The attributing causes vary, from a lack of infrastructure, to low car availability, but income levels have a pronounced influence. Three policy proposals are put forward, including offering banking services at PayPoint outlets, and converting cash machines to cash recyclers, but improving digital adoption was found to be the most effective intervention, provided that it is implemented by community organisations. Policies purely targeting infrastructure provision or addressing social exclusion are unlikely to be effective, as community-based initiatives coupled with wider reforms to the financial system are needed.
