论文标题

互动性:虚拟现实技术与药物发现管道之间的缺失联系

Interactivity: the missing link between virtual reality technology and drug discovery pipelines

论文作者

Walters, Rebecca K., Gale, Ella M., Barnoud, Jonathan, Glowacki, David R., Mulholland, Adrian J.

论文摘要

多年来,虚拟现实(VR)为药物设计和开发做出贡献的潜力已得到认可。硬件和软件开发现在意味着该潜力已经开始实现,并且在该领域正在积极使用VR方法。最近的进步是使用VR不仅可以可视化和与分子结构相互作用,而且还与“苍蝇上的分子动力学模拟”相互作用(VR,IMD-VR中的交互式分子动力学),这不仅用于柔性对接,还可以检查结合过程和构象变化。 IMD-VR已被证明可用于创建与靶蛋白结合的配体的复合物,例如最近应用于SARS-COV-2主蛋白酶的肽抑制剂。在这篇综述中,我们使用“交互式VR”一词来指代交互性是用户VR体验的固有部分,例如进行结构修改或与物理严格的分子动力学(MD)模拟,而不是简单地使用VR控制器旋转并翻译分子以增强可视化的视觉效果。在这里,我们描述了这些方法及其在与药物发现相关的问题上的应用,突出了它们在该领域所提供的可能性。我们建议,易于观察和操纵分子结构和动力学,以及即时修改结构(例如,添加或删除原子)的能力,使现代互动VR成为添加药物开发方法军械库的宝贵工具。

The potential of virtual reality (VR) to contribute to drug design and development has been recognised for many years. Hardware and software developments now mean that this potential is beginning to be realised, and VR methods are being actively used in this sphere. A recent advance is to use VR not only to visualise and interact with molecular structures, but also to interact with molecular dynamics simulations of 'on the fly' (interactive molecular dynamics in VR, IMD-VR), which is useful not only for flexible docking but also to examine binding processes and conformational changes. iMD-VR has been shown to be useful for creating complexes of ligands bound to target proteins, e.g., recently applied to peptide inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. In this review, we use the term 'interactive VR' to refer to software where interactivity is an inherent part of the user VR experience e.g., in making structural modifications or interacting with a physically rigorous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, as opposed to simply using VR controllers to rotate and translate the molecule for enhanced visualisation. Here, we describe these methods and their application to problems relevant to drug discovery, highlighting the possibilities that they offer in this arena. We suggest that the ease of viewing and manipulating molecular structures and dynamics, and the ability to modify structures on the fly (e.g., adding or deleting atoms) makes modern interactive VR a valuable tool to add to the armoury of drug development methods.

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