论文标题
磁体的地面波函数与其静态结构因子之间的关系
Relationship between the ground-state wave function of a magnet and its static structure factor
论文作者
论文摘要
我们陈述并证明了两个定理有关由非常通用的海森堡型模型描述的磁系统的基态，并讨论了它们对磁中子散射的影响。第一个定理指出，如果不共享相应的基础状态，两个模型不能具有相同的相关器。根据第二个定理，除非它代表该系统的真实基态，否则$ n $ qubit Wave函数无法再现给定系统的相关器。我们讨论对中子散射反问题的影响。我们认为，第一个定理提供了一个框架来了解基于中子的哈密顿学习。此外，我们提出了一种基于第二个定理的量子磁体的变异方法，在该定理中，将波函数的表示（例如，在神经网络或量子处理器的Qubit寄存器中持有）被优化以直接拟合实验性的中子散射数据，而无需介入模型吉尔顿。
We state and prove two theorems about the ground state of magnetic systems described by very general Heisenberg-type models and discuss their implications for magnetic neutron scattering. The first theorem states that two models cannot have the same correlator without sharing the corresponding ground states. According to the second theorem, an $N$-qubit wave function cannot reproduce the correlators of a given system unless it represents a true ground state of that system. We discuss the implications for neutron scattering inverse problems. We argue that the first theorem provides a framework to understand neutron-based Hamiltonian learning. Furthermore, we propose a variational approach to quantum magnets based on the second theorem where a representation of the wave function (held, for instance, in a neural network or in the qubit register of a quantum processor) is optimised to fit experimental neutron-scattering data directly, without the involvement of a model Hamiltonian.
