论文标题

关于获胜者决心和有条件批准投票中战略控制的复杂性

On the Complexity of Winner Determination and Strategic Control in Conditional Approval Voting

论文作者

Markakis, Evangelos, Papasotiropoulos, Georgios

论文摘要

我们专注于Barrot和Lang(2016)引入的经典迷你批准投票规则,并被称为有条件的迷你票(CMS),用于具有优先依赖性的多发选举。在此规则下,允许选民在不同问题之间宣布依赖性,但是我们为更高的表现力所付出的代价是我们最终得到了计算上的艰难规则。在此激励的基础上,我们首先专注于寻找接受CMS有效算法的特殊情况。在这个方向上,我们的主要结果是,在共同的复杂性假设下,我们确定了有界树宽(合适的图形,从提供的选票中出现的)的条件(适当的图,从提供的选票中出现的)作为精确多项式算法的必要条件。然后,我们转到近似算法的设计。对于(仍然很困难的)二进制问题,我们确定了对选民选票的自然限制,根据该选票,我们为问题提供了第一个乘法近似算法。这些限制涉及对其他问题的依赖数量以及选民可以批准的替代方案的数量的上限。最后,我们还通过添加或删除选民或替代方案来研究与有条件批准选举有关的战略控制问题的复杂性,并且我们表明,在这些问题的大多数变异中,CMS在计算上对控制具有抵抗力。总体而言,我们得出的结论是,当我们之间的依赖性数量有限,而同时表现出足够的控制性,可以将CMS视为一种解决方案,在表达和计算效率之间实现令人满意的权衡。

We focus on a generalization of the classic Minisum approval voting rule, introduced by Barrot and Lang (2016), and referred to as Conditional Minisum (CMS), for multi-issue elections with preferential dependencies. Under this rule, voters are allowed to declare dependencies between different issues, but the price we have to pay for this higher level of expressiveness is that we end up with a computationally hard rule. Motivated by this, we first focus on finding special cases that admit efficient algorithms for CMS. Our main result in this direction is that we identify the condition of bounded treewidth (of an appropriate graph, emerging from the provided ballots) as the necessary and sufficient condition for exact polynomial algorithms, under common complexity assumptions. We then move to the design of approximation algorithms. For the (still hard) case of binary issues, we identify natural restrictions on the voters' ballots, under which we provide the first multiplicative approximation algorithms for the problem. The restrictions involve upper bounds on the number of dependencies an issue can have on the others and on the number of alternatives per issue that a voter can approve. Finally, we also investigate the complexity of problems related to the strategic control of conditional approval elections by adding or deleting either voters or alternatives and we show that in most variants of these problems, CMS is computationally resistant against control. Overall, we conclude that CMS can be viewed as a solution that achieves a satisfactory tradeoff between expressiveness and computational efficiency, when we have a limited number of dependencies among issues, while at the same time exhibiting sufficient resistance to control.

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