论文标题

选择退出,但仍被追踪:法规是否足以保护您的隐私?

Opted Out, Yet Tracked: Are Regulations Enough to Protect Your Privacy?

论文作者

Liu, Zengrui, Iqbal, Umar, Saxena, Nitesh

论文摘要

数据保护法规(例如GDPR和CCPA)要求网站和嵌入式第三方,尤其是广告商,才能在收集和处理用户数据之前征得用户同意。只有当用户选择进入时,这些实体才能收集,处理和共享用户数据。网站通常包含同意管理平台(CMP),例如OnEtrust和Cookiebot,以征求和将用户同意传达给嵌入式广告商,并期望获得同意。但是,网站和监管机构目前都没有任何机制来审核广告商遵守用户同意的符合用户同意,即确定当用户选择退出时是否确实没有收集,处理和共享用户数据。 在本文中,我们提出了一个审计框架,该框架利用广告商的招标行为来经验评估对数据保护法规的违规行为。使用我们的框架,我们进行了一项测量研究,以评估四个部署最广泛的CMP,即Didomi,Quantcast,ontrust和cookiebot,以及广告商的选择输出控件,即国家广告计划的选择,在GDPR和CCPA下。我们的结果表明,在许多情况下,不幸的是,即使用户选择退出,用户数据仍在收集,处理和共享。我们还发现,在传达用户同意时,某些CMP比其他CMP要好,并且几个AD平台忽略了用户同意。我们的结果还表明,获得的广告商选择退出同样无效地保护用户隐私。

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities collect, process, and share user data. Websites typically incorporate Consent Management Platforms (CMPs), such as OneTrust and CookieBot, to solicit and convey user consent to the embedded advertisers, with the expectation that the consent will be respected. However, neither the websites nor the regulators currently have any mechanism to audit advertisers' compliance with the user consent, i.e., to determine if advertisers indeed do not collect, process, and share user data when the user opts out. In this paper, we propose an auditing framework that leverages advertisers' bidding behavior to empirically assess the violations of data protection regulations. Using our framework, we conduct a measurement study to evaluate four of the most widely deployed CMPs, i.e., Didomi, Quantcast, OneTrust, and CookieBot, as well as advertiser-offered opt-out controls, i.e., National Advertising Initiative's opt-out, under GDPR and CCPA. Our results indicate that in many cases user data is unfortunately still being collected, processed, and shared even when users opt-out. We also find that some CMPs are better than the others at conveying user consent and that several ad platforms ignore user consent. Our results also indicate that advertiser-offered opt-out are equally ineffective at protecting user privacy.

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