论文标题

在风险多样性下学习集体行动

Learning Collective Action under Risk Diversity

论文作者

Merhej, Ramona, Santos, Fernando P., Melo, Francisco S., Chetouani, Mohamed, Santos, Francisco C.

论文摘要

集体风险困境(CRD)是一类N-N-玩家游戏,代表了社会挑战,其中需要协调以避免灾难性结果的风险。发生这种困境的多代理系统面临着实现合作的困难,并且经常融合到每个人缺陷的亚地区,风险优势的解决方案。在本文中,我们调查了学会扮演CRD的代理人群体中风险多样性的后果。我们发现,风险多样性会给合作带来新的挑战,而在同质群体中未观察到。我们表明,增加的风险多样性会大大减少整体合作,并阻碍集体目标成就。它导致代理商政策的不对称变化 - 即,高风险的个体的贡献增加无法弥补个人风险低的人的贡献减少 - 总体上减少了人口的总贡献。当将RL行为与理性的个人主义和社会行为进行比较时,我们发现RL种群会融合到代理商中更公平的贡献。我们的研究结果表明,需要使代理商之间的风险感知保持一致或开发新的学习技术,以明确解释风险多样性。

Collective risk dilemmas (CRDs) are a class of n-player games that represent societal challenges where groups need to coordinate to avoid the risk of a disastrous outcome. Multi-agent systems incurring such dilemmas face difficulties achieving cooperation and often converge to sub-optimal, risk-dominant solutions where everyone defects. In this paper we investigate the consequences of risk diversity in groups of agents learning to play CRDs. We find that risk diversity places new challenges to cooperation that are not observed in homogeneous groups. We show that increasing risk diversity significantly reduces overall cooperation and hinders collective target achievement. It leads to asymmetrical changes in agents' policies -- i.e. the increase in contributions from individuals at high risk is unable to compensate for the decrease in contributions from individuals at low risk -- which overall reduces the total contributions in a population. When comparing RL behaviors to rational individualistic and social behaviors, we find that RL populations converge to fairer contributions among agents. Our results highlight the need for aligning risk perceptions among agents or develop new learning techniques that explicitly account for risk diversity.

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