论文标题
通过互补性表征两粒子干扰
Characterization of Two-Particle Interference by Complementarity
论文作者
论文摘要
Bohr的互补原理是根据量子所能采取的各种路径的区分性以及其产生的干扰的度量来定量提出的。这种现象是由于单量子顿幅度对各种路径的干扰而产生的。路径的区分性使量子可以产生的干扰的清晰度结合。然而，存在其他种类的量子现象，如果颗粒无法区分，则两粒子振幅的干扰会导致两粒子干扰。 Hong-Ou-Mandel（HOM）效应和汉伯里 - 布朗 - 尤西斯（HBT）效应是两个众所周知的例子。但是，两粒子干扰不像其单个粒子对应物那样容易定义，并且意识到它涉及两粒子振幅的干扰。在这项工作中，得出了粒子区分性和两粒子干扰的可见性之间的二元关系。由某种内部自由度产生的两个颗粒的区分性使他们可以产生的两粒子干扰的清晰度与HOM或HBT类型的实验结合。有人认为，这种互补性的存在可用于表征两粒子干扰，这又导致一个结论，即HOM和HBT效应本质上是等效的，并且可以视为单个两粒子干扰现象。
Bohr's Complementarity Principle is quantitatively formulated in terms of the distinguishability of various paths a quanton can take, and the measure of the interference it produces. This phenomenon results from the interference of single-quanton amplitudes for various paths. The distinguishability of paths puts a bound on the sharpness of the interference the quanton can produce. However there exist other kinds of quantum phenomena where interference of two-particle amplitudes results in a two-particle interference, if the particles are indistinguishable. The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect and the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) effect are two well known examples. However, two-particle interference is not as easy to define as its single particle counterpart, and the realization that it involves interference of two-particle amplitudes, came much later. In this work, a duality relation, between the particle distinguishability and the visibility of two-particle interference, is derived. The distinguishability of the two particles, arising from some internal degree of freedom, puts a bound on the sharpness of the two-particle interference they can produce, in a HOM or HBT kind of experiment. It is argued that the existence of this kind of complementarity can be used to characterize two-particle interference, which in turn leads one to the conclusion that the HOM and the HBT effects are equivalent in essence, and may be treated as a single two-particle interference phenonmenon.
