论文标题
能量猫的状态由平均破裂的激发量量子相变引起
Energy cat states induced by a parity-breaking excited-state quantum phase transition
论文作者
论文摘要
我们表明，激发态量子相变（ESQPTS）在损坏平均对称性的系统中，可以用于设计能量猫状态 - schrödinger猫状态，涉及涉及不同位置和能量的量子叠加。通过对Rabi模型的概括，我们表明，添加一个奇偶校验的术语歼灭了正常和超级阶段之间的地面量子相变，并诱导了三个激发阶段的形成，所有这些相都由可观察到的两个特征值鉴定出来。在这些阶段之一中，在热力学极限中观察到水平的交叉点。这些使我们能够将波函数分为两个部分：一个，一个，具有较低的能量，被困在光谱的一个区域中，第二个具有较高能量的区域，被困在另一个区域。最后，我们表明，在这种情况下，需要正确地描述平衡状态，其中包括两个不同的平均能量，包括两个不同的平均能量。我们的结果说明了ESQPT的另一个身体后果。
We show that excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) in a system in which the parity symmetry is broken can be used to engineer an energy-cat state -- a Schrödinger cat state involving a quantum superposition of both different positions and energies. By means of a generalization of the Rabi model, we show that adding a parity-breaking term annihilates the ground-state quantum phase transition between normal and superradiant phases, and induces the formation of three excited-state phases, all of them identified by means of an observable with two eigenvalues. In one of these phases, level crossings are observed in the thermodynamic limit. These allow us to separate a wavefunction in two parts: one, with lower energy, trapped within one region of the spectrum, and a second one, with higher energy, trapped within another. Finally, we show that a generalized microcanonical ensemble, including two different average energies, is required to properly describe equilibrium states in this situation. Our results illustrate yet another physical consequence of ESQPTs.
