论文标题

蓝色二进制的动力植入冷古典Kuiper带

Dynamical Implantation of Blue Binaries in the Cold Classical Kuiper Belt

论文作者

Nesvorny, David, Vokrouhlicky, David, Fraser, Wesley C.

论文摘要

颜色和二进制性在Kuiper带形成上提供了重要的限制。来自太阳的径向距离r = 42-47 au的冷经典物体主要是红色的(光谱斜率s> 17%),并且通常以等于尺寸的二进制(约30%观察到的二进制分数)而存在。这已被视为冷古典人的原位形成的证据。有趣的是,一小部分(〜10%)的冷古典人的红色较小,S <17%,而这些“蓝色”的身体通常在宽阔的二进制室中发现。在这里,我们研究了r <42 au的蓝色二进制文件的动力植入。我们发现,它们可以从广泛的初始径向距离中植入冷古典带,但是最宽的蓝色二进制文件的存活(2001 QW322和2003 UN284)意味着在r> 30 au时形成。这将与30 <r <40 au时的假设降低到非常红的过渡是一致的。但是,对于任何合理的参数选择(Neptune的迁移历史记录,初始磁盘轮廓等),我们的模型预测了蓝色单身的占主导地位,而不是蓝色二进制文件,这与现有观察值相矛盾。我们建议以r = 42-47 au原位形成的宽蓝色二进制物,它们的颜色反映了在原月经磁盘中的早期形成。冷古典物的主要VR颜色可能与磁盘晚期阶段的甲醇和其他碳氢化合物的产生有关,当时45 au的温度下降到20 K,一氧化碳被氢化。

Colors and binarity provide important constraints on the Kuiper belt formation. The cold classical objects at radial distance r=42-47 au from the Sun are predominantly very red (spectral slope s>17%) and often exist as equal-size binaries (~30% observed binary fraction). This has been taken as evidence for the in-situ formation of cold classicals. Interestingly, a small fraction (~10%) of cold classicals is less red with s<17%, and these "blue" bodies are often found in wide binaries. Here we study the dynamical implantation of blue binaries from r<42 au. We find that they can be implanted into the cold classical belt from a wide range of initial radial distances, but the survival of the widest blue binaries -- 2001 QW322 and 2003 UN284 -- implies formation at r>30 au. This would be consistent with the hypothesized less-red to very-red transition at 30<r<40 au. For any reasonable choice of parameters (Neptune's migration history, initial disk profile, etc.), however, our model predicts a predominance of blue singles, rather than blue binaries, which contradicts existing observations. We suggest that wide blue binaries formed in situ at r=42-47 au and their color reflects early formation in a protoplanetary gas disk. The predominantly VR colors of cold classicals may be related to the production of methanol and other hydrocarbons during the late stages of the disk, when the temperature at 45 au dropped to 20 K and carbon monoxide was hydrogenated.

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