论文标题
一种用于合成天线辐射模式的拓扑设计工具
A Topological Design Tool for the Synthesis of Antenna Radiation Patterns
论文作者
论文摘要
斑块天线是最受欢迎的辐射元素之一,但是它们的准2-D结构降低了可用于量身定制其辐射模式的自由度。为了克服这一限制,可能的解决方案包括在接地的底物上蚀刻两个同心辐射元件,并将两种模式(一个用于每个元素)与适当的振幅/相位关系组合。尽管该技术原则上导致了无限数量的可能配置(即,每个贴片元件可以支持无限数量的模式),但文献中可用的理论和实验验证仅限于前两个辐射模式(TM 11和TM 21)(TM 11和TM 21)。最近,我们已经表明,可以通过利用涡流场的拓扑特性,尤其是通过控制高阶右手右圆形极化(RHCP)TM 21的圆形奇异性来有效地执行该圆形贴片的设计。由于圆形贴片的RHCP高阶模式的数量是无限的,因此我们原则上可以处理任意数量的相位奇异点,其组合控制会导致构成圆形斑块的辐射模式的前所未有的可能性。在本文中,我们提出了一个完整的设计工具,以确定相结合圆形贴片天线的RHCP模式时产生的相位奇异点的数量和位置,并最终操纵它们以合成所需的辐射模式。作为一个现实的应用示例,我们展示了如何使用所提出的工具来设计一个单个天线,该天线可以适当地量身定制以在两个不同状态(即一个部门和鞍形形状)之间切换,分别在移动和卫星通信的基础站中广泛使用。
Patch antennas are among the most popular radiating elements, yet their quasi-2-D structure reduces the degrees of freedom available to tailor their radiation pattern. To overcome this limitation, a possible solution consists in etching on a grounded substrate two concentric radiating elements and combining two modes (one for each element) with proper amplitude/phase relations. Although this technique leads, in principle, to an infinite number of possible configurations (i.e., each patch element can support an infinite number of modes), the theoretical and experimental verifications available in the literature are limited to the first two radiating modes (TM 11 and TM 21 ) of a circular patch antenna. Recently, we have shown that the design of this circular patch can be effectively performed by exploiting the topological properties of vortex fields and, in particular, by controlling the phase singularity exhibited by the higher order right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) TM 21 mode of the circular patch. Since the number of RHCP higher order modes of a circular patch is infinite, we can in principle deal with an arbitrary number of phase singularity points, whose combined control leads to unprecedented possibilities to shape the radiation pattern of a circular patch. In this article, we present a complete design tool to determine the number and position of phase singularity points arising when combining the RHCP modes of a circular patch antenna and, eventually, manipulate them to synthesize the required radiation pattern. As a realistic application example, we show how the proposed tool can be used to effectively design a single antenna whose radiation pattern can be properly tailored to switch between two different states, i.e., a sector and a saddle shape, widely used in base stations for mobile and satellite communications, respectively.