论文标题

数据驱动的几何系统识别,用于形状不足的耗散系统

Data-Driven Geometric System Identification for Shape-Underactuated Dissipative Systems

论文作者

Bittner, Brian, Hatton, Ross L., Revzen, Shai

论文摘要

高度耗散的系统为既可以轻松,快速优化动作的模型提供了机会。几何力学提供了通过环境均匀性减少动力学的手段,而耗散性质则最大程度地减少了动力学中二阶(惯性)特征的作用。在这里,我们将几何系统识别的工具扩展到``形状不足的耗散系统(SUD)'的工具,这些系统的动作比惯性更耗散,但其致动的动态限于身体形状坐标的子集。 许多动物动作是泡沫,包括微晶状体,例如线虫和鞭毛细菌,以及粒状的运动,例如蛇和蜥蜴。许多软机器人也是SUD,尤其是使用高度阻尼的串联弹性执行器的机器人。无论是参与运动还是操纵,这些机器人通常都用于与环境的紧密连接。 我们激励使用SUDS模型,并验证其预测各种模拟粘性游泳平台运动的能力。对于大量的SUD,我们展示了如何将形状速度致动输入直接转换为扭矩输入,这表明具有软气动执行器或介电弹性体的系统可以使用所提供的工具对其进行建模。基于物理学中的基本假设,我们展示了模型复杂性如何与被动形状坐标的数量线性缩放。这可以大大减少从实验数据中识别系统模型所需的试验数量,并可能减少过度拟合。我们方法的样本效率表明它在机器人技术中的建模,控制和优化中使用,并用作研究摩擦占主导地位的有机运动的工具。

Systems whose movement is highly dissipative provide an opportunity to both identify models easily and quickly optimize motions. Geometric mechanics provides means for reduction of the dynamics by environmental homogeneity, while the dissipative nature minimizes the role of second order (inertial) features in the dynamics. Here we extend the tools of geometric system identification to ``Shape-Underactuated Dissipative Systems (SUDS)'' -- systems whose motions are more dissipative than inertial, but whose actuation is restricted to a subset of the body shape coordinates. Many animal motions are SUDS, including micro-swimmers such as nematodes and flagellated bacteria, and granular locomotors such as snakes and lizards. Many soft robots are also SUDS, particularly those robots using highly damped series elastic actuators. Whether involved in locomotion or manipulation, these robots are often used to interface less rigidly with the environment. We motivate the use of SUDS models, and validate their ability to predict motion of a variety of simulated viscous swimming platforms. For a large class of SUDS, we show how the shape velocity actuation inputs can be directly converted into torque inputs suggesting that systems with soft pneumatic actuators or dielectric elastomers can be modeled with the tools presented. Based on fundamental assumptions in the physics, we show how our model complexity scales linearly with the number of passive shape coordinates. This offers a large reduction on the number of trials needed to identify the system model from experimental data, and may reduce overfitting. The sample efficiency of our method suggests its use in modeling, control, and optimization in robotics, and as a tool for the study of organismal motion in friction dominated regimes.

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