论文标题
教程:使用可重现的Stata,R和Python代码的计算因果推理简介
Tutorial: Introduction to computational causal inference using reproducible Stata, R and Python code
论文作者
论文摘要
许多健康研究的目的是估计暴露对结果的影响。在随机对照试验中,将暴露于个人并不总是道德的,而是必须使用观察数据和适当的研究设计。观察性研究面临着主要的挑战,其中之一是混淆,可能导致因果关系的偏见。控制混杂的控制通常是通过对测量混杂因素的简单调整来执行的。虽然,这通常还不够。因果推论领域的最新进展通过基于经典标准化方法来解决混杂。但是,这些最新进展迅速发展,相对匮乏,以计算为导向的应用教程导致了应用这些方法在应用研究人员中使用这些方法的某些混乱。在本教程中,我们从历史角度展示了不同因果推理估计量的计算实施,在历史角度开发了不同的估计器来克服上一个的局限性。此外,我们还简要介绍了潜在的结果框架,说明了使用医疗保健环境中的插图使用不同方法的使用,最重要的是,我们在Stata,R和Python中提供了可重现和评论的代码,以便研究人员在其自己的观察力研究中应用。可以在https://github.com/migariane/tutorialcausalinferenceimesimators访问该代码
The purpose of many health studies is to estimate the effect of an exposure on an outcome. It is not always ethical to assign an exposure to individuals in randomised controlled trials, instead observational data and appropriate study design must be used. There are major challenges with observational studies, one of which is confounding that can lead to biased estimates of the causal effects. Controlling for confounding is commonly performed by simple adjustment for measured confounders; although, often this is not enough. Recent advances in the field of causal inference have dealt with confounding by building on classical standardisation methods. However, these recent advances have progressed quickly with a relative paucity of computational-oriented applied tutorials contributing to some confusion in the use of these methods among applied researchers. In this tutorial, we show the computational implementation of different causal inference estimators from a historical perspective where different estimators were developed to overcome the limitations of the previous one. Furthermore, we also briefly introduce the potential outcomes framework, illustrate the use of different methods using an illustration from the health care setting, and most importantly, we provide reproducible and commented code in Stata, R and Python for researchers to apply in their own observational study. The code can be accessed at https://github.com/migariane/TutorialCausalInferenceEstimators