论文标题
关于与理想探测器的铃铛测试的安全后测试：因果图方法
On safe post-selection for Bell tests with ideal detectors: Causal diagram approach
论文作者
论文摘要
从后选择的数据中观察到的相关性的贝尔非局部性的推理始终是一个令人关注的问题。这是因为对结果的调节是非因果相关性的来源，称为选择偏见，疑问是结论是否涉及实际因果过程，还是只是处理数据的效果。然而，即使在没有检测效率低下的理想情况下，序列后也是实验设计的组成部分，尤其是因为它是纠缠生成过程本身的一部分。在本文中，我们讨论了一类广泛的场景，并在选择后进行了多个空间分布的结果。制定了一个简单的标准，称为“全但一项原则”，以表明何时何时出现了有关贝尔·贝尔（Bell Bell）不平等现象的不平等现象的结论。这种结果的普遍性，通过采用因果推理的高级图形工具来实现，它基于在广泛的纠缠产生方案中的多部分钟形不平等的标准形式为系统推理提供了安全的理由，而不必担心选择偏见的危险。特别是，当系统中的颗粒数量保留时，它可以应用于每个检测香奈儿中通过单粒子事件定义的截面。
Reasoning about Bell nonlocality from the correlations observed in post-selected data is always a matter of concern. This is because conditioning on the outcomes is a source of non-causal correlations, known as a selection bias, rising doubts whether the conclusion concerns the actual causal process or maybe it is just an effect of processing the data. Yet, even in the idealised case without detection inefficiencies, post-selection is an integral part of experimental designs, not least because it is a part of the entanglement generation process itself. In this paper we discuss a broad class of scenarios with post-selection on multiple spatially distributed outcomes. A simple criterion is worked out, called the all-but-one principle, showing when the conclusions about nonlocality from breaking Bell inequalities with post-selected data remain in force. Generality of this result, attained by adopting the high-level diagrammatic tools of causal inference, provides safe grounds for systematic reasoning based on the standard form of multipartite Bell inequalities in a wide array of entanglement generation schemes, without worrying about the dangers of selection bias. In particular, it can be applied to post-selection defined by single-particle events in each detection chanel when the number of particles in the system is conserved.
