论文标题
超高能宇宙射线的光谱和组成以及质子空气横截面的测量
The spectra and composition of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the measurement of the proton-air cross section
论文作者
论文摘要
通过非常高的能量宇宙射线颗粒在大气中产生的淋浴纵向发育的形状编码有关通量的质量组成的信息，以及控制淋浴发育的HADRONIC相互作用的特性。研究通过$ e \ gtrsim 10^{17.3} $ eV的平均水平和宽度的能量依赖性，由皮埃尔·加油台天文台测量的能量依赖性，这表明，基于与当前模型的比较，宇宙射线磁通的组成是非常重要的进化，这是一个非常重要的进化，首先变得很lighter和lighter and like and lake and lake lake lake laighter ander lake laighte and lake laighter ander lake liever seaple sealever。如果得到确认，这些结论将对我们对高能天体物理来源的理解具有深远而令人惊讶的意义。螺旋钻和望远镜阵列协作使用了相同能量范围内最大分布深度的形状的研究，以测量空气中质子的相互作用长度，该数量允许估算$ \ sqrt {s} $的值$ pp $横切。在本文中，我们认为希望将宇宙射线组成的研究与旨在测量$ p $ - 空气横截面的研究相结合。后者允许获取通量中质子分数的估计，这可能有助于解码组成及其能量依赖性。考虑多个参数以表征最大分布深度的研究还提供了对用于描述高能量阵雨的模型的有效性进行更敏感的测试的可能性。
The shape of the longitudinal development of the showers generated in the atmosphere by very high energy cosmic ray particles encodes information about the mass composition of the flux, and about the properties of hadronic interactions that control the shower development. Studies of the energy dependence of the average and width of the depth of maximum distribution of showers with $E \gtrsim 10^{17.3}$ eV measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, suggest, on the basis of a comparison with current models, that the composition of the cosmic ray flux undergoes a very important evolution, first becoming lighter and then rapidly heavier. These conclusions, if confirmed, would have profound and very surprising implications for our understanding of the high energy astrophysical sources. Studies of the shape of the depth of maximum distribution in the same energy range have been used by Auger and by the Telescope Array Collaboration to measure the interaction length of protons in air, a quantity that allows to estimate the $pp$ cross sections for values of $\sqrt{s}$ well above the LHC range. In this paper we argue that it is desirable to combine the studies of the cosmic ray composition with those aimed at the measurement of the $p$--air cross section. The latter allow to obtain estimates for the fraction of protons in the flux that can be of great help in decoding the composition and its energy dependence. Studies that consider multiple parameters to characterize the depth of maximum distributions also offer the possibility to perform more sensitive tests of the validity of the models used to describe high energy showers.
